半设备独立量子随机数生成器，抗一般攻击
Semi-Device-Independent Quantum Random Number Generator Resistant to General Attacks
AI总结：
本文提出一种抗一般攻击的半设备独立量子随机数生成器，通过减少设备 Characterization 要求和利用 Kato 不等式提升随机性生成效率，实现高安全性和高生成速率。
摘要：
量子随机数生成器（QRNGs）基于量子理论的内在随机性产生真正的随机数，使其成为量子密码学的基础组成部分。与依赖于已 Characterized 设备的可信设备 QRNGs 不同，半设备独立（semi-DI）QRNGs 允许部分设备受损甚至被恶意操控，从而在生成速率和安全性之间取得良好的平衡。在本文中，我们提出了一种抗一般攻击的半设备独立 QRNG，同时考虑了有限尺寸效应。该协议不需要对源和测量设备进行严格 Characterization，除了限制发射状态的能量，这显著降低了对实际 QRNG 系统的要求。利用紧密的 Kato 不等式用于相关变量，我们证明了我们的协议生成的随机性比其消耗的更多。此外，我们在连续变量系统中演示了该方案，使用三进制状态输入。通过数据后处理实现相位补偿，利用超导检测缓解了对系统稳定性严苛的要求。系统以 100 MHz 运行，在 5.3x10^9 次循环中实现 1.165 Mbps 的净随机数生成速率。我们的工作提供了一种实现高生成速率和稳健安全性的有前途的方法，通过简单的实验设置。
英文摘要：
Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) produce true random numbers based on the inherent randomness of quantum theory, rendering them a foundational segment of quantum cryptography. Distinguished from trusted-device QRNGs whose security depends on characterized devices, semi-device-independent (semi-DI) QRNGs permit partial devices to be defective or even maliciously manipulated, which achieves a good trade-off between generation rate and security. In this paper, we propose a semi-DI QRNG that resists general attacks while accounting for finite-size effects. The protocol requires no rigorous characterization of the source and measurement devices other than limiting the energy of the emitted states, significantly reducing the demands on practical QRNG systems. Leveraging the tight Kato inequality for correlated variables, we show that our protocol generates more randomness than it consumes. Furthermore, we demonstrate the scheme on a continuous-variable system with ternary inputs of states. Heterodyne detection is employed to enable phase compensation through data postprocessing, alleviating the stringent requirement on system stability. The system operates at 100 MHz, achieving a net random number generation rate of 1.165 Mbps at 5.3x10^9 rounds. Our work offers a promising approach to achieve both the robust security and high generation rate with a simple experimental setup.
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