生物经济中的协作——来自瑞典1970-2021年创新产出的证据
Collaboration for the Bioeconomy -- Evidence from Innovation Output in Sweden, 1970-2021
AI总结：
研究通过分析瑞典1970-2021年企业协作网络，发现协作促进创新产出，且不同领域参与者在协作机制上相似，建议广泛促进协作以提高创新数量。
摘要：
协作被预期在向生物经济转型中扮演核心角色——生物经济是绿色经济的重要支柱。此类协作应将传统生物质加工企业与不同领域中的多样化参与者连接起来，这些领域中生物质应取代现有产品或创造新工艺。本研究分析了1970年至2021年间瑞典创新企业之间的技术协作网络。结果显示，直接和间接联系之间存在普遍的正相关关系，每增加一个直接协作伙伴，创新产出都有显著增加。协作位置与创新产出之间的关系在统计上不显著，而认知接近度——尽管遵循理论预期——在实际中也不显著。这些关联在投入生物经济的参与者和专注于其他创新领域的参与者之间大致相同，表明这些参与者在连接协作与后续创新产出的机制上大致相似。这些结果表明，刺激广泛的协作——而不是试图优化协作组成——可能会产生更多显著的瑞典创新，不仅对生物经济，也对其他领域有益。
英文摘要：
Collaboration is expected to play a central role in the transition to a bioeconomy - a central pillar of a green economy. Such collaboration is supposed to connect traditional biomass processing firms with diverse actors in fields where biomass ought to substitute existing or create novel products and processes. This study analyzes the network of technology collaborations among innovating firms in Sweden between 1970 and 2021. The results reveal generally positive associations between direct and indirect ties, with meaningful increases in innovation output for each additional direct collaboration partner. Relationships between brokerage positions and innovation output were statistically insignificant, and cognitive proximity - while following theoretical expectations - materially insignificant. These associations are mostly equal between actors heavily invested in the bioeconomy and those focusing on other innovation areas, indicating that these actors operate under largely similar mechanisms linking collaboration and subsequent innovation output. These results suggest that stimulating collaboration broadly - rather than attempting to optimize collaboration compositions - could result in higher number of significant Swedish innovations, for bioeconomy and other sectors alike.
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