激波、风和环：大型双筒望远镜干涉仪（LBTI）解析NGC 4151的活跃核
Shocks, Winds, and a Torus: The Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) Resolves the Active Nucleus of NGC 4151
AI总结：
LBTI观测揭示NGC 4151的尘埃环及喷流加热机制，挑战AGN统一模型的常规理解。
摘要：
我们利用大型双筒望远镜干涉仪（LBTI）对类星体1星系NGC 4151进行了中红外（MIR）观测。我们使用LBTI的全分辨率拍摄了开环斐佐图像，在N波段（8.7和10.5μm）的分辨率为66-104毫角秒（5.8-9.1 pc），相当于28.8米望远镜的分辨率。这些图像补充了通过自适应光学成像在LM波段（3.7和4.8μm）的观测，分辨率为50-62毫角秒（4.4-5.4 pc）。这些图像填补了之前Very Large Telescope Interferometer（VLTI）/MIDI和VLT/VISIR数据之间的尺度差距，提供了N波段的ELT类成像分辨率。我们解析出一个尘埃环（直径32 pc，方位角125°），并检测到窄线区内的尘埃云。在四个波段中匹配分辨率，我们测量了中心约100 pc区域的空间分辨光谱能量分布（SED）。修改后的黑体拟合揭示了尘埃温度和消光剖面，表明来自吸积盘的加热和由于无线电喷流的额外激波加热。离子化发射（如[Fe II]和[O III]）、扩展的中红外结构和无线电特征的空间重合进一步支持激波加热的解释。与NGC 1068的比较测试了活动星系核（AGN）的统一模型：结构相似，尽管存在方向和爱丁顿比的差异。NGC 4151的环比NGC 1068的小，遵循r∝L^0.5的标度。对NGC 4151和NGC 1068的三十米望远镜类观测强调了需要修订AGN的中红外辐射传输模型，以考虑与喷流相关的加热。
英文摘要：
We present mid-infrared (MIR) observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151 using the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI). We took open-loop Fizeau images with 66-104 mas (5.8-9.1 pc) resolution in the N-band (at $8.7$ and $10.5~μm$), using the full resolution of the LBTI -- equivalent to that of a 28.8 m telescope. These images were complemented by AO imaging in the LM-bands ($3.7$ and $4.8~μm$), with 50-62 mas (4.4-5.4 pc) resolution. These images bridge the scales between previous Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI)/MIDI and VLT/VISIR data, delivering ELT-like imaging resolution in the N-band. We resolve a dusty torus, (diameter 32 pc, PA$=125^{\circ}$), and detect dusty clouds within the narrow line region. Matching the resolution across four bands, we measured spatially-resolved SEDs of the central $\sim 100$ pc. Modified blackbody fitting revealed dust temperature and extinction profiles, indicating both heating from the accretion disk and additional shock heating due to the radio jet. The spatial coincidence of ionized emission (e.g., [Fe II] and [O III]), extended MIR structures, and radio features further supports the interpretation of shock heating. Comparison with NGC 1068 tests the Unified Model of Active Galactic Nuclei (Unified Model of AGN): Structures are similar, despite differences in orientation and Eddington ratio. NGC 4151's torus is smaller than NGC 1068's following a $r\propto L^{0.5}$ scaling. These thirty-meter-telescope class observations of NGC 4151 and NGC 1068 highlight the need to revise MIR radiative transfer models of AGN to account for jet-related heating.
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