Quantum Key Distribution with Imperfections: Recent Advances in Security Proofs
TU Wien, Atominstitut & Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology（维也纳工业大学，原子研究所与维也纳量子科学与技术中心）；Quantum Technology Laboratories GmbH（量子技术实验室有限公司）
Patrick Andriolo, Esteban Vasquez, Elizabeth Agudelo, Max Riegler, Matej Pivoluska, Gláucia Murta
备注：
55 pages; 10 figures. Version 2: New examples and references added. Close to the published version in the Special Issue "100 years of Quantum Mechanics" of the Brazilian Journal of Physics
In contrast to classical public-key cryptosystems, where the security of encoded messages relies on on computational assumptions, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables two distant parties to establish a shared secret key that, when combined with a one-time pad, provides information-theoretically secure encryption, provided that the QKD protocol is supported by a rigorous security proof. In the last decades, security proofs robust against a wide range of eavesdropping strategies have established the theoretical soundness of several QKD protocols. However, most proofs are based on idealized models of the physical systems involved in such protocols and often include assumptions that are not satisfied in practical implementations. This mismatch creates a gap between theoretical security guarantees and actual experimental realizations, making QKD protocols vulnerable to attacks. To ensure the security of real-world QKD systems, it is therefore essential to account for imperfections in security analyses. In this article, we present an overview of recent analytical and numerical developments in QKD security proofs, which provide a versatile approach for incorporating imperfections and re-establishing the security of quantum communication protocols under realistic conditions.
Finite-key security analysis of decoy-state QKD with source and detector imperfections
University of Vigo（维戈大学）；Vigo Quantum Communication Center, University of Vigo（维戈量子通信中心，维戈大学）；Escuela de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación, Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Vigo（电信工程学院，信号理论与通信系，维戈大学）；atlanTTic Research Center, University of Vigo（atlanTTic研究中心，维戈大学）
A modified practical homodyne detector model for continuous-variable quantum key distribution: detailed security analysis and improvement by the phase-sensitive amplifier
Numerical security analysis for practical quantum key distribution
Vigo Quantum Communication Center, University of Vigo（维戈量子通信中心，维戈大学）；School of Telecommunication Engineering, Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Vigo（维戈大学电信工程学院信号理论与通信系）；atlanTTic Research Center, University of Vigo（维戈大学atlanTTic研究中心）
Robust quantum key distribution with imperfections in state preparation and characterization
Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, IEU（IEU量子信息与密码学河南省重点实验室）；State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Key Lab of Navigation and Location Services, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学电子工程系先进光通信系统与网络国家重点实验室上海导航与定位服务重点实验室）
Security framework for quantum key distribution with imperfect sources
Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama（富山大学工学部）；Vigo Quantum Communication Center, University of Vigo（维戈大学维戈量子通信中心）；Escuela de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación, Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Vigo（维戈大学电信工程学院信号理论与通信系）；atlanTTic Research Center, University of Vigo（维戈大学atlanTTic研究中心）；National Institute of Information and Communications Technology（信息通信研究机构）
Practical security analysis of a continuous-variable quantum random number generator with a noisy local oscillator
量子随机数发生器（QRNG）理论上可以用完美的设备产生不可预测的随机数，是密码学中理想的、安全的随机数源。然而，实际的实现往往存在缺陷，这将极大地影响最终输出的随机性，甚至为窃听者打开漏洞。最近，Thewes等人在Phys. Rev. A 100，052318（2019）中实验性地展示了基于外差检测的连续变量窃听攻击，但与许多其他实际的连续变量QRNG研究一样，他们总是假设本地振荡器是稳定的，而忽略了可能导致波长攻击等安全威胁的波动。本文基于条件最小熵理论，系统地分析了连续变量QRNG实际安全性的不足，特别是不平衡零差检测下的本振波动。通过对真空涨落准分子激光器的实验研究，给出了在不同透过率分束器下，本振涨落对总测量噪声方差和实用条件最小熵的影响。此外，针对实际的连续变量QRNG，提出了一种本振监测方法，可用于校准实际的条件最小熵。
Side-channel-secure quantum key distribution with correlated sources
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学量子信息实验室）；Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Network, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学安徽省量子网络重点实验室）；CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学中国科学院量子信息与量子物理前沿卓越中心）
qkdSim: An experimenter's simulation toolkit for QKD with imperfections, and its performance analysis with a demonstration of the B92 protocol using heralded photon
Experimental Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key distribution with Flawed State-Preparation over 300 km
Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, IEU（量子信息与密码学河南省重点实验室，IEU）；State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Key Lab of Navigation and Location Services, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（先进光通信系统与国家网络国家重点实验室，导航与位置服务上海市重点实验室，电子工程系，上海交通大学）
