对单位元变换热库的广义兰道原理
A Generalized Landauer's Principle for Unitarily Transformed Thermal Reservoirs
AI总结：
本文提出广义兰道原理，用于解释压缩热态下的热力学资源影响，通过有效哈密顿量建立广义不等式，并证明熵产非负性，用于研究运动探测器与量子场的相互作用。
摘要：
兰道原理作为量子信息和热力学的核心，当热库被压缩热态（STS）取代时似乎被违反，因为压缩态固有地包含额外的热力学资源。我们引入了该原理对单位元变换热态的扩展。通过定义有效哈密顿量，我们严格建立了广义兰道不等式，该不等式在普通热库作为特殊情况时自然退化。该框架进一步提供了熵产的一致定义和其非负性的证明。我们通过研究任意运动的Unruh-DeWitt探测器与初始处于STS的量子场的相互作用来展示其用途。使用微扰理论，我们明确计算了熵产，证实其正性。由于单位元变换引起的对称性破缺，它依赖于固有时间间隔和绝对时空位置。本文解决了使用STS时兰道原理的明显违反问题，并提供了一个用于分析非平衡和相对论设置中量子热力学的稳健工具，对量子热机和信息协议有潜在影响。
英文摘要：
Landauer's principle, a cornerstone of quantum information and thermodynamics, appears to be violated when the thermal reservoir is replaced by a squeezed thermal state (STS), owing to the additional thermodynamic resources inherently present in the squeezed state. We introduce a formal extension of the principle to such unitarily transformed thermal states. By defining an effective Hamiltonian, we rigorously establish a generalized Landauer inequality, which naturally reduces to the standard case for an ordinary thermal reservoir as a special instance. The framework further yields a consistent definition of entropy production and a proof of its non-negativity. We illustrate its utility by studying an arbitrarily moving Unruh-DeWitt detector coupled to a quantum field initially prepared in the STS. Using perturbation theory, we compute the entropy production explicitly, confirming its positivity. As a result of the symmetry breaking induced by the unitary transformation, it depends on both the proper time interval and the absolute spacetime position. Our work resolves the apparent violation of Landauer's principle with STSs. It also provides a robust tool for analyzing quantum thermodynamics in non-equilibrium and relativistic settings, with potential implications for quantum thermal machines and information protocols.
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