被动非相干超快中红外上转换成像及其校准
Passive Incoherent Ultrafast Mid-Infrared Upconversion Imaging and Its Calibration
AI总结：
本文提出了一种基于CPLN的被动非相干超快中红外上转换成像技术，实现了100kHz超快成像和基于Allan偏差分析的校准方法，用于实时热监控和早期预警系统。
摘要：
超快中红外（MIR）成像是科学诊断和工业安全中监测瞬态热现象和等离子体现象的关键技术。然而，传统低温MIR相机在帧率、噪声和像素格式之间存在根本性的权衡。本文报告了一种被动、非相干MIR成像平台，利用啁啾周期性相位反转铌酸锂（CPLN）中的和频上转换，将宽频带3-5μm场景转换到近红外，从而在基于硅的增益型电荷耦合器件（iCCD）上实现超快采集。在快速动力学模式下，我们实现了100kHz的物理帧率，具有微秒级的门控控制，直接捕捉了空气击穿电弧的完整演变，解析其快速点燃、扩展和衰减动态。除了展示超快被动成像外，我们引入了一种基于Allan偏差分析的漂移感知校准流程，以定量选择门宽和平均策略，以在现实中的缓慢漂移和乘法噪声下进行。这种综合能力——超快被动MIR成像加操作上有意义的校准——为实时热监视和危险快速瞬态早期预警系统提供了一条实用的途径。
英文摘要：
Ultrafast mid-infrared (MIR) imaging is a key enabling capability for monitoring transient thermal and plasma phenomena in scientific diagnostics and industrial safety. However, conventional cryogenic MIR cameras face a fundamental trade-off between frame rate, noise, and pixel format. Here we report a passive, incoherent MIR imaging platform that leverages sum-frequency upconversion in chirped periodically poled lithium niobate (CPLN) to translate broadband 3--5um scenes to the near-infrared, enabling ultrafast acquisition on a silicon-based intensified CCD (iCCD). In fast-kinetics mode we achieve a physical frame rate of 100kHz with microsecond-scale gate control, and we directly capture the full evolution of an air-breakdown electric arc, resolving its rapid ignition, expansion, and decay dynamics. Beyond demonstrating ultrafast passive imaging, we introduce a drift-aware calibration workflow based on Allan deviation analysis to quantitatively select the gate width and averaging strategy under realistic slow-drift and multiplicative noise. This combined capability -- ultrafast passive MIR imaging plus operationally meaningful calibration -- provides a practical route toward real-time thermal surveillance and early-warning systems for hazardous fast transients.
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