从实时集体动力学中获得量子场
Quantum fields from real-time ensemble dynamics
AI总结：
本文提出了一种基于实时集体动力学的量子场表述，通过概率集合和配置空间演化，重新定义了场的动力学和相关性，统一了算符、图示和路径积分等方法。
摘要：
相对论量子场论（QFT）通常以算符、渐近态和协变振幅的形式进行表述，这种观点往往掩盖了场动力学和相关性的实时起源。在这里，我们以实时的薛定谔-picture框架来表述量子场，在此框架中，场作为概率集体在场配置空间上演化的集合。在这一表述中，波函数$Ψ[ϕ,t]$编码了配置空间上的第一阶因果集体动力学。相互作用表现为配置空间方向之间的耦合，而传播子则表现为导出的相关结构，而不是基本公理。纠缠、散射振幅和共形场论相关子 emerge 作为同一底层集体演化不同投影，对应于同时、渐近和对称组织的可观测量。标准的算符、图示和路径积分表述被恢复为这一单一实时动力学的计算表示。这种组织明确区分了QFT中的基本动力学结构和表示工具，并澄清了在什么范围内平均相关子能够描述量子涨落，同时也界定了在什么层次上与单个实现和随机性相关的问题会在相关子基础上的场论描述之外出现。
英文摘要：
Relativistic quantum field theory (QFT) is commonly formulated in terms of operators, asymptotic states, and covariant amplitudes, a perspective that tends to obscure the real-time origin of field dynamics and correlations. Here we formulate quantum fields in a real-time Schrödinger-picture framework, in which fields evolve as probability ensembles on the space of field configurations. Within this formulation, the wavefunctional $Ψ[ϕ,t]$ encodes a first-order, causal ensemble dynamics on configuration space. Interactions appear as couplings between configuration-space directions, while propagators arise as derived correlation structures rather than as fundamental postulates. Entanglement, scattering amplitudes, and conformal field theory correlators emerge as distinct projections of the same underlying ensemble evolution, corresponding to equal-time, asymptotic, and symmetry-organized observables. Standard operator, diagrammatic, and path-integral formulations are recovered as computational representations of this single real-time dynamics. This organization makes explicit the distinction between fundamental dynamical structure and representational tools in QFT, and clarifies the scope within which ensemble-averaged correlators account for quantum fluctuations, while also delineating the level at which questions associated with individual realizations and randomness would arise beyond the correlator-based field-theoretic description.
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