加速的电磁模拟：利用基于石墨烯微 transistor 的神经探针进行 MRI RF 交互模拟以实现神经电生理-fMRI 整合
Accelerated Electromagnetic Simulation of MRI RF Interactions with Graphene Microtransistor-Based Neural Probes for Electrophysiology-fMRI Integration
AI总结：
本研究提出了一种基于Huygens' Box方法的混合电磁模拟框架，用于高效评估MRI环境中神经电生理与fMRI的交互，通过石墨烯微 transistor 探针实现高精度电磁模拟。
摘要：
在MRI环境中实现神经电生理记录具有挑战性，因为记录探针与MRI生成的场之间的复杂相互作用会影响安全性和数据质量。本研究旨在开发和评估一种混合电磁（EM）模拟框架，以高效准确地评估这些相互作用。方法：在FDTD求解器（Sim4Life）中实施了一种结合Huygens' Box（HB）方法与子格栅化的混合EM策略。对小鼠和大鼠头部的RF线圈模型进行了模拟，包括带有和不带有皮层（IC）和皮下（EC）基于石墨烯的微 transistor 数组。从二维布局中重建了三维多层探针模型，并评估了发射场（B₁⁺）、电场（E）和特定吸收率（SAR）的分布。性能通过与传统全波多端口（MP）模拟进行比较，使用Bland-Altman分析和体素百分比差异进行评估。结果：HB模拟将计算时间减少了约70-80%，同时保持了|B₁⁺|、|E|和SAR的空间模式，包括发射场对称性和局部高场区域。对于|B₁⁺|，与MP的偏差最小（小鼠中Δ%中位数0.02-0.07%，大鼠中-3.7%至-1.7%），对于|E|和SAR的偏差则较为适度，绝对SAR值始终低于人类安全限值。基于石墨烯的数组对RF传输和SAR沉积几乎没有影响。结论：HB方法能够高效、高分辨率地评估MRI环境中涉及微观探针的电磁相互作用，支持了传统全波MP建模难以实现的模拟。
英文摘要：
Implementing electrophysiological recordings within an MRI environment is challenging due to complex interactions between recording probes and MRI-generated fields, which can affect both safety and data quality. This study aims to develop and evaluate a hybrid electromagnetic (EM) simulation framework for efficient and accurate assessment of such interactions. Methods: A hybrid EM strategy integrating the Huygens' Box (HB) method with sub-gridding was implemented in an FDTD solver (Sim4Life). RF coil models for mouse and rat head were simulated with and without intracortical (IC) and epicortical (EC) graphene-based micro-transistor arrays. Three-dimensional multi-layered probe models were reconstructed from two-dimensional layouts, and transmit field ($B_{1}^{+}$), electric field ($E$), and specific absorption rate (SAR) distributions were evaluated. Performance was benchmarked against conventional full-wave multi-port (MP) simulations using Bland-Altman analysis and voxel-wise percentage differences. Results: HB simulations reduced computational time by approximately 70-80%, while preserving spatial patterns of $|B_{1}^{+}|$, $|E|$, and SAR, including transmit-field symmetry and localized high-field regions. Deviations from MP were minimal for $|B_{1}^{+}|$ (median $Δ$% 0.02-0.07% in mice, -3.7% to -1.7% in rats) and modest for $|E|$ and SAR, with absolute SAR values remaining well below human safety limits. Graphene-based arrays produced negligible effects on RF transmission and SAR deposition. Conclusion: The HB approach enables computationally efficient, high-resolution evaluation of EM interactions involving microscopic probes in MRI environments, supporting simulations that are otherwise impractical with full-wave MP modeling.
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