FLAMINGO项目：探索X射线-宇宙 shear 跨相关作为大尺度结构探测的工具
The FLAMINGO Project: Exploring the X-ray--cosmic-shear cross-correlation as a probe of large-scale structure
AI总结：
FLAMINGO项目通过X射线-宇宙shear跨相关性研究大尺度结构，发现反馈强度和宇宙学参数对观测数据影响显著，需进一步分辨AGN以提高精度。
摘要：
恒星形成相关的恒星反馈过程直接影响大尺度结构，通过重新分布气体。最近对动能Sunyaev-Zel'dovich效应和从光学选定的星系团中X射线发射的测量表明，来自活动星系核（AGN）的反馈比以前认为的更有效，能够将气体从低质量团块中排出。测量宇宙 shear 与弥漫性X射线发射之间的跨相关性提供了一种新的探测气体在团块和星系团中分布的方法。我们使用FLAMINGO宇宙学、流体动力学模拟来研究X射线-宇宙shear跨相关性。跨相关性对质量在10^14 ≤ M_200c/M_⊙ ≤10^15的晕中的气体分布最敏感。它对反馈强度敏感，但宇宙学和恒星物理变化的影响大多退化。我们比较了FLAMINGO预测与暗能量调查的宇宙shear与ROSAT全天X射线地图之间的跨相关性。我们发现，如果忽略ROSAT无法分辨的AGN发射，则fiducial FLAMINGO模型与数据高度一致，而反馈更强或更弱的模型被排除。然而，如果考虑未解析的AGN，无论是使用直接FLAMINGO预测还是通过丰度匹配到观测的（外推的）AGN光度函数，则反馈更强的模型更受青睐。我们得出结论，要利用X射线-透镜跨相关性的潜力，必须分辨更暗的AGN，并使用外部约束来打破恒星反馈和宇宙学之间的退化。
英文摘要：
Baryonic feedback processes associated with galaxy formation directly influence the large-scale structure by redistributing gas. Recent measurements of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect and eROSITA stacks of X-ray emission from optically-selected galaxy clusters suggest that feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) is more efficient at expelling gas from low-mass clusters than previously thought. The measurement of the cross-correlation between cosmic shear and diffuse X-ray emission provides a new probe of the distribution of gas in groups and clusters. We use the FLAMINGO cosmological, hydrodynamical simulations to examine the X-ray--cosmic-shear cross-correlation. The cross-correlation is most sensitive to the distribution of gas in haloes with masses $10^{14}\leq M_{200\mathrm{c}}/\mathrm{M}_{\odot}\leq10^{15}$. It is sensitive to the strength of feedback, but the effects of variations in cosmology and baryonic physics are largely degenerate. We compare the FLAMINGO predictions with the cross-correlation between cosmic shear from the Dark Energy Survey and the ROSAT all-sky X-ray map. We account for AGN that would remain unresolved by ROSAT using either the direct FLAMINGO predictions or by abundance matching to the observed (extrapolated) AGN luminosity function. We find that the fiducial FLAMINGO model is in excellent agreement with the ROSAT--DES-Y3 cross-correlation, while models assuming weaker feedback and models with the significantly stronger feedback suggested by kSZ and eROSITA stacks are both incompatible with the observed X-ray--cosmic-shear cross-correlation.
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