Domain generalization (DG) aims to learn predictive models that can generalize to unseen domains. Most existing DG approaches focus on learning domain-invariant representations under the assumption of conditional distribution shift (i.e., primarily addressing changes in $P(X\mid Y)$ while assuming $P(Y)$ remains stable). However, real-world scenarios with multiple domains often involve compound distribution shifts where both the marginal label distribution $P(Y)$ and the conditional distribution $P(X\mid Y)$ vary simultaneously. To address this, we propose a unified framework for robust domain generalization under divergent marginal and conditional distributions. We derive a novel risk bound for unseen domains by explicitly decomposing the joint distribution into marginal and conditional components and characterizing risk gaps arising from both sources of divergence. To operationalize this bound, we design a meta-learning procedure that minimizes and validates the proposed risk bound across seen domains, ensuring strong generalization to unseen ones. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance not only on conventional DG benchmarks but also in challenging multi-domain long-tailed recognition settings where both marginal and conditional shifts are pronounced.
ENSTA ParisTech（巴黎高等先进技术学院）；INRIA（法国国家信息与自动化研究所）；Thales（泰雷兹集团）；Fulda University of Applied Sciences（富尔达应用科学大学）
We present a new replay-based method of continual classification learning that we term "conditional replay" which generates samples and labels together by sampling from a distribution conditioned on the class. We compare conditional replay to another replay-based continual learning paradigm (which we term "marginal replay") that generates samples independently of their class and assigns labels in a separate step. The main improvement in conditional replay is that labels for generated samples need not be inferred, which reduces the margin for error in complex continual classification learning t…
Massachusetts General Hospital（麻省总医院）；Harvard Medical School（哈佛医学院）；Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center（贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心）；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）
In this work, we propose a domain generalization (DG) approach to learn on several labeled source domains and transfer knowledge to a target domain that is inaccessible in training. Considering the inherent conditional and label shifts, we would expect the alignment of $p(x|y)$ and $p(y)$. However, the widely used domain invariant feature learning (IFL) methods relies on aligning the marginal concept shift w.r.t. $p(x)$, which rests on an unrealistic assumption that $p(y)$ is invariant across domains. We thereby propose a novel variational Bayesian inference framework to enforce the conditiona…
We propose a method for unsupervised domain adaptation that trains a shared embedding to align the joint distributions of inputs (domain) and outputs (classes), making any classifier agnostic to the domain. Joint alignment ensures that not only the marginal distributions of the domain are aligned, but the labels as well. We propose a novel objective function that encourages the class-conditional distributions to have disjoint support in feature space. We further exploit adversarial regularization to improve the performance of the classifier on the domain for which no annotated data is availabl…
The ability to estimate joint, conditional and marginal probability distributions over some set of variables is of great utility for many common machine learning tasks. However, estimating these distributions can be challenging, particularly in the case of data containing a mix of discrete and continuous variables. This paper presents a non-parametric method for estimating these distributions directly from a dataset. The data are first represented as a graph consisting of object nodes and attribute value nodes. Depending on the distribution to be estimated, an appropriate eigenvector equation …
Probability density models based on deep networks have achieved remarkable success in modeling complex high-dimensional datasets. However, unlike kernel density estimators, modern neural models do not yield marginals or conditionals in closed form, as these quantities require the evaluation of seldom tractable integrals. In this work, we present the Marginalizable Density Model Approximator (MDMA), a novel deep network architecture which provides closed form expressions for the probabilities, marginals and conditionals of any subset of the variables. The MDMA learns deep scalar representations…
Palo Alto Research Center（帕洛阿尔托研究中心）；Verizon Labs（威瑞森实验室）
We introduce a new model for building conditional generative models in a semi-supervised setting to conditionally generate data given attributes by adapting the GAN framework. The proposed semi-supervised GAN (SS-GAN) model uses a pair of stacked discriminators to learn the marginal distribution of the data, and the conditional distribution of the attributes given the data respectively. In the semi-supervised setting, the marginal distribution (which is often harder to learn) is learned from the labeled + unlabeled data, and the conditional distribution is learned purely from the labeled data.…
Ancestral graph models, introduced by Richardson and Spirtes (2002), generalize both Markov random fields and Bayesian networks to a class of graphs with a global Markov property that is closed under conditioning and marginalization. By design, ancestral graphs encode precisely the conditional independence structures that can arise from Bayesian networks with selection and unobserved (hidden/latent) variables. Thus, ancestral graph models provide a potentially very useful framework for exploratory model selection when unobserved variables might be involved in the data-generating process but no…
Entropy Across the Bridge: Conditional-Marginal Discretization for Flow and Schrödinger Samplers
NVIDIA Corporation（NVIDIA公司）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour（大脑与行为研究所）；AITHYRA, Research Institute for Biomedical AI（生物医学人工智能研究所）
Criteo AI Lab（Criteo人工智能实验室）；Ecole Polytechnique（巴黎综合理工学院）；INSA de Rouen Normandie（鲁昂国立应用科学学院）；Université Technologique de Compiègne（贡比涅技术大学）；Université de Rouen Normandie（鲁昂诺曼底大学）；Université de Bretagne Sud（南布列塔尼大学）
We address the problem of unsupervised domain adaptation under the setting of generalized target shift (joint class-conditional and label shifts). For this framework, we theoretically show that, for good generalization, it is necessary to learn a latent representation in which both marginals and class-conditional distributions are aligned across domains. For this sake, we propose a learning problem that minimizes importance weighted loss in the source domain and a Wasserstein distance between weighted marginals. For a proper weighting, we provide an estimator of target label proportion by blen…
Rutgers University（罗格斯大学）；Institute for Advanced Studies（高等研究院）
It is desirable to combine the expressive power of deep learning with Gaussian Process (GP) in one expressive Bayesian learning model. Deep kernel learning showed success in adopting a deep network for feature extraction followed by a GP used as function model. Recently,it was suggested that, albeit training with marginal likelihood, the deterministic nature of feature extractor might lead to overfitting while the replacement with a Bayesian network seemed to cure it. Here, we propose the conditional Deep Gaussian Process (DGP) in which the intermediate GPs in hierarchical composition are supp…
A Quiet Failure in Calibrated Virtual Screening: Marginal Conformal Prediction Under-Covers the Minority Class, and a Class-Conditional Fix Recovers It
School of Science and Technology, Champions College Prep（科学与技术学院，冠军大学预科）
A new generative adversarial network is developed for joint distribution matching. Distinct from most existing approaches, that only learn conditional distributions, the proposed model aims to learn a joint distribution of multiple random variables (domains). This is achieved by learning to sample from conditional distributions between the domains, while simultaneously learning to sample from the marginals of each individual domain. The proposed framework consists of multiple generators and a single softmax-based critic, all jointly trained via adversarial learning. From a simple noise source,…
Rutgers University（罗格斯大学）；Institute for Advanced Study（普林斯顿高等研究院）
Deep Gaussian Processes (DGPs) were proposed as an expressive Bayesian model capable of a mathematically grounded estimation of uncertainty. The expressivity of DPGs results from not only the compositional character but the distribution propagation within the hierarchy. Recently, [1] pointed out that the hierarchical structure of DGP well suited modeling the multi-fidelity regression, in which one is provided sparse observations with high precision and plenty of low fidelity observations. We propose the conditional DGP model in which the latent GPs are directly supported by the fixed lower fid…
