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arXiv 2602.01871physics.atom-phquant-ph
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长程瑞利德分子的自旋-轨道依赖寿命

Spin-orbit-dependent lifetimes of long-range Rydberg molecules

Leipzig University(莱比锡大学);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学);Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg(马丁·路德·哈雷-维滕贝格大学)

Michael Peper, Jakob Skrotzki, Martin Trautmann, Ajith Sanjai C. V. Sivakumar, Johannes Deiglmayr

AI总结:

研究通过理论和实验分析铯二聚体的长程瑞利德分子寿命,揭示自旋-轨道相互作用对寿命的影响,并展示其在超冷分子制备中的应用。

摘要:

长程瑞利德分子(LRMs)的形成是当高激发态的瑞利德电子从处于其轨道内的基态原子散射时,形成震荡的长程势能。我们对铯二聚体与402P3/2瑞利德态的相关性进行了结合理论和实验研究,重点在于通过自动电离(关联电离)的衰变。我们的模型包括相对论处理的电子-原子散射,具有自旋-轨道耦合,扰动者的超精细结构以及振动能级与短程衰变通道的耦合。计算出的势能曲线预测了两种类型的阱:外侧阱接近经典外侧转折点,支持长寿命状态;内侧阱在更短的范围内,其寿命受限于隧道效应和随后的振动电离。利用超冷铯气体中的光关联和脉冲电离信号的分析,这些信号对分子的检测具有高度选择性,我们通过结合能和测量寿命来分配共振。测量的内侧阱状态寿命随偏移量的增加而系统性增加,并与计算寿命一致;检测到的Cs2+产物离子支持自动电离作为主导通道。我们显示,自旋-轨道相互作用在瞬时Cs碰撞复合物中显著降低了寿命,这些相互作用打破了外侧阱中观察到的Omega态的近简并性,并控制了内侧阱的结合。识别出的状态还提供了创建超冷分子在离子对态中的有前途的途径。

英文摘要:

Long-range Rydberg molecules (LRMs) form when a highly excited Rydberg electron scatters from ground-state atoms inside its orbit, creating oscillatory, long-range potentials. We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of caesium dimers correlated to 402P3/2 Rydberg states, with an emphasis on decay via autoionisation (associative ionisation). Our model includes a relativistic treatment of electron-atom scattering with spin-orbit coupling, the perturber's hyperfine structure, and coupling of vibrational levels to a continuum of short-range decay channels. Calculated potential-energy curves predict two families of wells: outer wells near the classical outer turning point supporting long-lived states, and inner wells at shorter range whose lifetimes are limited by tunneling and subsequent vibronic decay. Using photoassociation in an ultracold Cs gas and an analysis of pulsed-field-ionisation signals which are highly selective for the detection of molecules, we assign resonances by binding energy and measure lifetimes. The measured lifetimes of inner-well states increase systematically with increasing detuning and agree with calculated lifetimes; detection of Cs2+ product ions supports autoionisation as a dominant channel. We show that the lifetimes are strongly reduced by spin-orbit interactions in the transient Cs-collision complex, which lift the near-degeneracy in Omega observed for states in the outer well and control the inner-well binding. The identified states also provide promising pathways to create ultracold molecules in ion-pair states.

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