Latent Reasoning VLA: Latent Thinking and Prediction for Vision-Language-Action Models
Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi’an Jiaotong University（西安交通大学人工智能与机器人研究院）；Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence（北京人工智能研究院）；Institute of Automation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学人工智能学院）
Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models benefit from chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, but existing approaches incur high inference overhead and rely on discrete reasoning representations that mismatch continuous perception and control. We propose Latent Reasoning VLA (LaRA-VLA), a unified VLA framework that internalizes multi-modal CoT reasoning into continuous latent representations for embodied action. LaRA-VLA performs unified reasoning and prediction in latent space, eliminating explicit CoT generation at inference time and enabling efficient, action-oriented control. To realize latent embodied reasoning, we introduce a curriculum-based training paradigm that progressively transitions from explicit textual and visual CoT supervision to latent reasoning, and finally adapts latent reasoning dynamics to condition action generation. We construct two structured CoT datasets and evaluate LaRA-VLA on both simulation benchmarks and long-horizon real-robot manipulation tasks. Experimental results show that LaRA-VLA consistently outperforms state-of-the-art VLA methods while reducing inference latency by up to 90\% compared to explicit CoT-based approaches, demonstrating latent reasoning as an effective and efficient paradigm for real-time embodied control. Project Page: https://loveju1y.github.io/Latent-Reasoning-VLA/
SLIP-VLA: Single-Step Latent Imagination for Policy Learning in Vision-Language-Action Models
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)（香港科技大学（广州））；The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）
Recurrent-Depth VLA: Implicit Test-Time Compute Scaling of Vision-Language-Action Models via Latent Iterative Reasoning
Stanford University（斯坦福大学）；Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑技术大学）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence（人工智能研究院）
TTT-VLA: Test-Time Latent Prompt Optimization for Vision-Language-Action Models
ByteDance Seed（字节跳动种子）；The University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；The University of Hong Kong（香港大学）；CSIRO Data61
PLaW-VLA: Predictive Latent World Modeling for Vision-Language-Action Policies
Jilin University（吉林大学）；Astribot；Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen（哈尔滨工业大学（深圳））；The Hong Kong Polytechnic University（香港理工大学）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）
PhysiFlow: Physics-Aware Humanoid Whole-Body VLA via Multi-Brain Latent Flow Matching and Robust Tracking
department of Automation Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（自动化工程系，上海交通大学）；Department of Automation, Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（自动化系，教育部系统控制与信息处理重点实验室，教育部海洋智能设备与系统重点实验室，智能控制与管理上海工程研究中心，上海交通大学）
Chain of World: World Model Thinking in Latent Motion
Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学）；Li Auto；Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence (BAAI)（北京人工智能研究院）；University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学）；Chongqing Research Institute of HIT（哈尔滨工业大学重庆研究院）；Peking University（北京大学）
VLA-JEPA: Enhancing Vision-Language-Action Model with Latent World Model
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Zhongguancun Academy, Beijing, China（中关村学院）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo（宁波东部科技研究院）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Nankai University（南开大学）
CAC-VLA: Context-Gated Action Conditioning for Vision-Language-Action Models
University of Science and Technology of China (USTC)（中国科学技术大学）；Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center（合肥综合性国家科学中心人工智能研究院）
3DThinkVLA: Endowing Vision-Language-Action Models with Latent 3D Priors via 3D-Thinking-Guided Co-training
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学）；Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Fudan University（复旦大学）；Nanjing University（南京大学）；Daimon Robotics（达梦机器人）；Great Bay University（大亚大学）
VLAFlow: A Unified Training Framework for Vision-Language-Action Models via Co-training and Future Latent Alignment
Li Auto Inc.（理想汽车）；School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学人工智能学院）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen（香港中文大学（深圳））
XS-VLA: Teaching Tiny Vision-Language-Action Models with Spatial Supervision and Demonstration Conditioning
Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University（清华大学计算机科学与技术系）；National College for Excellent Engineers, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学卓越工程师学院）；Wuxi Dexteroushands Robotic Technology Co.（无锡灵犀机器人技术有限公司）
DyGRO-VLA: Cross-Task Scaling of Vision-Language-Action Models via Dynamic Grouped Residual Optimization
School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen)（香港中文大学（深圳）数据科学学院）；Shenzhen Loop Area Institute（深圳河套学院）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Rutgers University-New Brunswick（罗格斯大学新布朗斯维尔回声分校）；Shanghai AI Laboratory（上海人工智能实验室）；Jiangxing Intelligence Technology Inc.（江行智能科技有限公司）
Imagine-RL: Residual-Confidence-Guided Cross-Attention for World-Model-Augmented VLA Reinforcement Learning
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology（韩国科学技术院）；University of Science and Technology Beijing（北京科技大学）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所）
