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arXiv 2602.00580cs.AI
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小幅度位移,大获益:通过无监督神经实例修改解锁传统TSP启发式引导采样

Small Shifts, Large Gains: Unlocking Traditional TSP Heuristic Guided-Sampling via Unsupervised Neural Instance Modification

University of New South Wales(新南威尔士大学);University of Technology Sydney(技术大学悉尼)

Wei Huang, Hanchen Wang, Dong Wen, Wenjie Zhang

AI总结:

TSP-MDF通过无监督神经实例修改框架,使传统启发式路线构造器具备引导采样能力,提升解质量并缩短训练时间。

摘要:

旅行商问题(TSP)是路线规划中最具代表性的NP难问题之一,也是组合优化领域长期存在的基准问题。传统启发式路线构造器,如最远或最近插入法,计算效率高且实用性强,但其确定性行为限制了探索能力,常导致局部最优解。相比之下,基于神经网络的启发式路线构造器通过引导采样缓解了这一问题,通常能获得更优的解质量,但代价是训练成本高且依赖地面真实监督,阻碍了其实际应用。为弥合这一差距,我们提出了TSP-MDF,一种新颖的实例修改框架,使传统确定性启发式路线构造器具备引导采样能力。具体而言,TSP-MDF引入了一个基于神经网络的实例修改器,通过策略性地移动节点坐标来采样多个修改后的实例,在这些实例上,基础的传统启发式路线构造器构建路线并映射回原始实例,使传统路线构造器能够探索更高质量的路线并逃离局部最优。同时,得益于我们的实例修改公式,神经网络的实例修改器可以高效训练而无需任何地面真实监督,确保框架保持实用性。在大规模TSP基准和现实世界基准上的大量实验表明,TSP-MDF显著提升了传统启发式路线构造器的性能,实现了解质量与基于神经网络的启发式路线构造器相媲美,但训练时间极短。

英文摘要:

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most representative NP-hard problems in route planning and a long-standing benchmark in combinatorial optimization. Traditional heuristic tour constructors, such as Farthest or Nearest Insertion, are computationally efficient and highly practical, but their deterministic behavior limits exploration and often leads to local optima. In contrast, neural-based heuristic tour constructors alleviate this issue through guided-sampling and typically achieve superior solution quality, but at the cost of extensive training and reliance on ground-truth supervision, hindering their practical use. To bridge this gap, we propose TSP-MDF, a novel instance modification framework that equips traditional deterministic heuristic tour constructors with guided-sampling capability. Specifically, TSP-MDF introduces a neural-based instance modifier that strategically shifts node coordinates to sample multiple modified instances, on which the base traditional heuristic tour constructor constructs tours that are mapped back to the original instance, allowing traditional tour constructors to explore higher-quality tours and escape local optima. At the same time, benefiting from our instance modification formulation, the neural-based instance modifier can be trained efficiently without any ground-truth supervision, ensuring the framework maintains practicality. Extensive experiments on large-scale TSP benchmarks and real-world benchmarks demonstrate that TSP-MDF significantly improves the performance of traditional heuristics tour constructors, achieving solution quality comparable to neural-based heuristic tour constructors, but with an extremely short training time.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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