A growing variety of optically accessible spin qubits have emerged in recent years as key components for quantum sensors, qubits, and quantum memories. However, the scalability of conventional spin-based quantum architectures remains limited by direct microwave delivery, which introduces thermal noise, electromagnetic cross-talk, and design constraints for cryogenic, high-field, and distributed systems. In this work, we present a unified framework for RF-over-fiber (RFoF) control of optically accessible spins through RFoF optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. The RFoF platform relies on an electro-optically modulated telecom-band laser that transmits microwave signals over fiber and a high-speed photodiode that recovers the RF waveform to drive NV center spin transitions. We obtain an RFoF efficiency of 1.81\% at 2.90~GHz, corresponding to $P_{\mathrm{RF,out}}=-0.7$~dBm. The RFoF architecture provides a path toward low-noise, thermally isolated, and cryo-compatible ODMR systems bridging conventional spin-based quantum sensing protocols with emerging distributed quantum technologies.
Demonstration of atom interrogation using photonic integrated circuits anodically bonded to ultra-high vacuum envelopes for epoxy-free scalable quantum sensors
Improving the loss threshold for quantum advantage in photonic sensors by complete photon counting
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Imperial College London（伦敦帝国学院）；National Research Council of Canada（加拿大国家研究委员会）；National Institute of Standards and Technology（美国国家标准与技术研究院）；ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology（ICFO-光子科学研究所，巴塞罗那科学技术研究院）；Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya（加泰罗尼亚理工大学）
Quantum Light Detection with Enhanced Photonic Neural Network
University of Warsaw（华沙大学）；Polish Academy of Sciences（波兰科学院）；Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Université Côte d’Azur（蔚蓝海岸大学）；Sorbonne Université（索邦大学）；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）
