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arXiv 2601.16865econ.EMmath.STstat.APstat.TH
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分布性工具:基于分位数最小二乘法的识别与估计

Distributional Instruments: Identification and Estimation with Quantile Least Squares

University of Sheffield(谢菲尔德大学);Purdue University(普渡大学);GLO(全球劳动力研究所)

Rowan Cherodian, Guy Tchuente

AI总结:

本文提出基于分位数最小二乘法的工具变量方法,用于识别和估计分布性变化对结构效应的影响。

摘要:

我们研究了一种工具变量设计,其中政策改革强烈地改变内生变量的分布,但仅弱地影响其均值。我们通过引入分布性相关性来正式化这一概念:工具可能完全是分布性的。在三角模型中,分布性相关性足以通过控制函数非参数地识别平均结构效应。然后我们提出了分位数最小二乘法(Q-LS),它将X给定Z的条件分位数聚合为一个最优均方预测器,并将此投影作为线性IV估计器中的工具。我们建立了其一致性、渐近正态性和标准2SLS方差公式的有效性,并讨论了跨分位数的正则化。蒙特卡洛设计显示,Q-LS在均值基于的2SLS因弱工具而表现不佳时,能提供居中估计和近正确的大小。在健康与退休研究数据中,Q-LS利用医保D部分引起的出账风险分布性变化,以更精确地估计其对抑郁的影响。

英文摘要:

We study instrumental-variable designs where policy reforms strongly shift the distribution of an endogenous variable but only weakly move its mean. We formalize this by introducing distributional relevance: instruments may be purely distributional. Within a triangular model, distributional relevance suffices for nonparametric identification of average structural effects via a control function. We then propose Quantile Least Squares (Q-LS), which aggregates conditional quantiles of X given Z into an optimal mean-square predictor and uses this projection as an instrument in a linear IV estimator. We establish consistency, asymptotic normality, and the validity of standard 2SLS variance formulas, and we discuss regularization across quantiles. Monte Carlo designs show that Q-LS delivers well-centered estimates and near-correct size when mean-based 2SLS suffers from weak instruments. In Health and Retirement Study data, Q-LS exploits Medicare Part D-induced distributional shifts in out-of-pocket risk to sharpen estimates of its effects on depression.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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