利用多次金星引力助推研究潜在危险小行星飞越的可行性
The Feasibility of Potentially Hazardous Asteroids Flybys Using Multiple Venus Gravity Assists
AI总结：
本文提出利用金星引力助推和共振轨道设计低能耗航天器轨迹，以实现与潜在危险小行星的多次飞越，提高任务灵活性和效率。
摘要：
本工作利用金星引力助推开发低能耗航天器（SC）轨迹，以研究小行星在行星相遇之间的日心转移段。研究重点是潜在危险小行星（PHAs）作为主要探索目标。本文提出了一种计算SC轨迹的方法，该方法允许在金星引力助推后进行小行星飞越。该方法涉及构建并解决一个优化问题，以设计包含选定小行星和金星飞越的轨迹。轨迹通过两体动力学通过求解兰伯特问题来计算。初步搜索候选小行星使用一种算法来缩小优化问题的搜索空间。该算法使用V-无穷球技术将行星引力助推与共振轨道连接起来。在这种情况下，共振轨道用作SC在两次连续行星飞越之间的轨迹初始近似值。分析了四种飞行方案，包括多次飞越金星和小行星，以及SC返回地球的可能性。所提出的方法减少了小行星接近之间的飞行时间，增加了引力助推频率，并增强了任务设计的灵活性。使用金星引力助推和共振轨道确保在SC两次连续金星飞越之间至少有一次小行星接近，展示了周期性金星引力助推和与PHAs相遇的可行性。所开发的方法被应用于构建允许SC通过多次金星引力助推接近金星共振小行星和PHAs的轨迹。另外一项研究是为了确定在2029至2050年之间的发射窗口期间可通过地球-金星段访问的小行星。
英文摘要：
This work develops low-energy spacecraft (SC) trajectories using Venus gravity assists to study asteroids during heliocentric transfer segments between planetary encounters. The study focuses on potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) as primary exploration targets. This paper proposes a method for calculating SC trajectories that enable asteroid flybys after a Venus gravity assist. The method involves formulating and solving an optimization problem to design trajectories incorporating flybys of selected asteroids and Venus. Trajectories are calculated using two-body dynamics by solving the Lambert problem. A preliminary search for candidate asteroids uses an algorithm to narrow the search space of the optimization problem. This algorithm uses the V-infinity globe technique to connect planetary gravity assists with resonant orbits. The resonant orbit in this case serves as an initial approximation for the SC's trajectory between two successive planetary flybys. Four flight schemes were analyzed, including multiple flybys of Venus and asteroids, with the possibility of an SC returning to Earth. The proposed solutions reduce flight time between asteroid approaches, increase gravity assist frequency, and enhance mission design flexibility. The use of Venus gravity assists and resonant orbits ensures a close encounter with at least one asteroid during the SC's trajectory between two consecutive flybys of Venus, and demonstrates the feasibility of periodic Venus gravity assists and encounters with PHAs. The developed method was applied to construct trajectories that allow an SC to approach both Venus-resonant asteroids and PHAs via multiple Venus gravity assists. An additional study was carried out to identify asteroids accessible during the Earth-Venus segment in launch windows between 2029 and 2050.
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