无呼吸的BEARS：z=3-4时尘埃恒星形成星系的[OIII] 88μm发射
Breathless BEARS: [O$_{\rm \,III}$] 88$μ$m Emission of Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies at $z = 3-4$
AI总结：
研究通过观测z=3-4时尘埃恒星形成星系的[OIII] 88μm发射，揭示其尘埃储备、恒星演化和星际介质特征，为理解星系演化提供新视角。
摘要：
我们使用阿塔卡马紧凑阵列（ACA）在9和10波段对四颗被赫斯尔选择的尘埃恒星形成星系（DSFGs；log₁₀ μL_IR/L_⊙ = 13.5 - 14 at z = 2.9 - 4）进行了[OIII] 88μm观测。我们检测到所有四个目标的[OIII]发射，信噪比>3σ，发现线光度比（L_[OIII] / L_IR = 10⁻⁴·²到10⁻³）与本地螺旋星系相似，但比本地矮星系以及高红移Lyman-break星系低一个数量级。利用ACA的短波长能力，这些观测将低红移空间任务和高红移地面研究的[OIII]发射星系群体连接起来。这些DSFGs与其他高红移星系之间的[OIII]发射差异反映了它们更成熟的恒星群体（>10 Myr）、更大的尘埃储备（M_dust ≈ 10⁹ - 10¹¹ M_⊙）、金属丰富的星际介质（Z ≈ 0.5 - 2 Z_⊙）以及可能较弱的电离辐射场。辅助的[CII]发射在两个目标上提供了L_[OIII]/L_[CII]比值为0.3 - 0.9，表明电离气体在DSFGs中的总气体储备中所占比例较小，与DSFGs作为气体丰富、湍流盘与更成熟、气体贫乏星系之间过渡系统的理论模型一致。扩大具有[OIII]发射的DSFGs样本将是将这一异质且不为人知的银河阶段置于天体物理背景中的关键。
英文摘要：
We present [O$_{\rm \,III}$] 88$μ$m observations towards four ${\it Herschel}$-selected dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs; log$_{10}$ $μ$L$_{\rm IR}$/L$_{\odot}$ = 13.5 - 14 at $z = 2.9 - 4$) using the Atacama Compact Array (ACA) in Bands 9 and 10. We detect [O$_{\rm \,III}$] emission in all four targets at >3$σ$, finding line luminosity ratios ($L_{\rm [O_{\rm \,III}]}$ / L$_{\rm IR}$ = 10$^{-4.2}$ to 10$^{-3}$) similar to local spiral galaxies, and an order of magnitude lower when compared with local dwarf galaxies as well as high-redshift Lyman-break galaxies. Using the short-wavelength capabilities of the ACA, these observations bridge the populations of galaxies with [O$_{\rm \,III}$] emission at low redshift from space missions and at high redshift from ground-based studies. The difference in [O$_{\rm \,III}$] emission between these DSFGs and other high-redshift galaxies reflects their more evolved stellar populations (> 10 Myr), larger dust reservoirs (M$_{\rm dust}$ $\sim$ 10$^{9 - 11}$ M$_{\odot}$), metal-rich interstellar medium ($Z \sim 0.5 - 2$ Z$_{\odot}$), and likely weaker ionization radiation fields. Ancillary [C$_{\rm \,II}$] emission on two targets provide $L_{[{\rm O}_{\rm \,III}]} / L_{[{\rm C}_{\rm \,II}]}$ ratios at 0.3 - 0.9, suggesting that ionized gas represents a smaller fraction of the total gas reservoir in DSFGs, consistent with theoretical models of DSFGs as transitional systems between gas-rich, turbulent disks and more evolved, gas-poor galaxies. Expanding samples of DSFGs with [O$_{\rm \,III}$] emission will be key to place this heterogeneous, poorly-understood galactic phase in its astrophysical context.
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