arXiv 2601.096412026-01cs.NIeess.SP

FairShare: 多运营商低轨卫星频谱共享的可审计地理公平性

FairShare: Auditable Geographic Fairness for Multi-Operator LEO Spectrum Sharing

Worcester Polytechnic Institute（伍斯特理工学院）；Mississippi State University（密西西比州立大学）

Seyed Bagher Hashemi Natanzi, Hossein Mohammadi, Vuk Marojevic, Bo Tang

备注：: Withdrawn by the authors. An audit of the simulation code found an error in the satellite beam-gain model (off-boresight angle computed incorrectly) and a non-standard clutter model, which together produced the reported urbanâ€“rural disparity. With these corrected, the main conclusions do not hold.

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AI总结：

本文研究多运营商低轨卫星频谱共享中地理公平性问题，提出FairShare框架以解决农村数字鸿沟问题，通过仿真验证其有效性，减少调度时间并保持公平性。

摘要：

动态频谱共享（DSS）在多运营商低轨卫星星座中至关重要，但现有政策主要关注干扰缓解，忽略了地理公平性。本文探讨传统DSS方法是否加剧农村数字鸿沟。结合开普勒轨道动力学、跨波束同频干扰和三种真实星座几何结构（Starlink、OneWeb、Kuiper），我们进行了大规模、符合3GPP标准的非地球轨道网络（NTN）仿真，覆盖20个轨道快照，历时10分钟卫星运动。结果揭示出结构性偏见：SNR优先调度导致平均城市-农村接入差距达1.84倍，有利干扰条件下波动达3.9倍。反直觉的是，增加系统带宽反而加剧这一差距。为此，我们提出FairShare，一种轻量级、配额制框架，强制地理公平性。FairShare不仅逆转偏见，实现积极差距比Δ_geo=0.68倍，且在所有轨道快照和干扰条件下无波动，同时减少调度时间3.3%。这表明算法公平性可在不牺牲效率或复杂度的情况下实现，并且对物理层动态不变。本文为监管机构提供公平性审计的诊断指标和可行的频谱治理机制。

英文摘要：

Dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) among multi-operator low Earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellations is essential for coexistence, yet prevailing policies focus almost exclusively on interference mitigation, leaving geographic equity largely unaddressed. This work investigates whether conventional DSS approaches inadvertently exacerbate the rural digital divide. Incorporating Keplerian orbital dynamics, inter-beam co-channel interference, and three real-world constellation geometries (Starlink, OneWeb, Kuiper), we conduct large-scale, 3GPP-compliant non-terrestrial network (NTN) simulations across 20 orbital snapshots spanning 10~minutes of satellite motion. The results uncover a stark and persistent structural bias: SNR-priority scheduling induces a $1.84\times$ mean urban--rural access disparity, with temporal fluctuations reaching $3.9\times$ during favorable interference conditions. Counter-intuitively, increasing system bandwidth amplifies rather than alleviates this gap. To remedy this, we propose FairShare, a lightweight, quota-based framework that enforces geographic fairness. FairShare not only reverses the bias, achieving an affirmative disparity ratio of $Δ_{\text{geo}} = 0.68\times$ with zero variance across all orbital snapshots and interference conditions, but also reduces scheduler runtime by 3.3\%. This demonstrates that algorithmic fairness can be achieved without trading off efficiency or complexity, and that it remains invariant to physical-layer dynamics. Our work provides regulators with both a diagnostic metric for auditing fairness and a practical, enforceable mechanism for equitable spectrum governance in next-generation satellite networks.

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