开放星团的神秘生活：三种开放星团的多波段研究
The Secret Lives of Open Clusters: a Multiwavelength Examination of Three Open Clusters
AI总结：
本文通过多波段观测研究三种开放星团，发现其X射线源和无线电源随时间变化，揭示了星团中恒星活动与演化过程的动态变化。
摘要：
星团以其动力学相互作用而闻名，这是高恒星密度的结果；在本文中，我们利用多波段观测来寻找这些相互作用在三个邻近银河开放星团中的独特结果：IC 2602（30 Myr）、NGC 2632（750 Myr）和M67（4 Gyr）。我们比较了所有天空调查如eROSITA的X射线观测，加上Chandra X射线天文台的存档观测、ASKAP的“宇宙演化图谱”无线电调查以及存档VLA观测，结合新的星团目录与Gaia数据。从X射线观测中，我们发现了77个可能与IC 2602相关的X射线源，31个与NGC 2632相关的X射线源，以及31个接近M67中心区域的X射线源。我们还能够根据它们的光学变异性及任何无线电发射来分类这些X射线源。三个IC 2602的X射线源有无线电对应体，这些很可能是所有色球活动二星系统。我们还识别出M67中的光谱三合星系统WOCS 3012/S1077的明亮无线电和X射线变异性，这要么与一个平静的黑洞双星系统一致，要么是活跃的二星恒星系统。安德森和霍顿2025年的一项近期人口研究表明，开放星团中的光学变量人口在星团年龄变化时明显变化；这项试点研究提供了证据，表明X射线人口也随时间变化，并展示了对银河开放星团进行更广泛多波段研究的必要性。
英文摘要：
Star clusters are well known for their dynamical interactions, an outcome of their high stellar densities; in this paper we use multiwavelength observations to search for the unique outcomes of these interactions in three nearby Galactic open clusters: IC 2602 (30 Myr), NGC 2632 (750 Myr) and M67 (4 Gyr). We compared X-ray observations from all-sky surveys like eROSITA, plus archival observations from Chandra X-ray Observatory, survey radio observations from ASKAP's Evolutionary Map of the Universe survey plus archival VLA observations, in conjunction with new cluster catalogs with Gaia. From X-ray, we found 77 X-ray sources likely associated with IC 2602, 31 X-ray sources in NGC 2632, and 31 near M67's central regions. We were further able to classify these X-ray sources based on their optical variability and any radio emission. Three IC 2602 X-ray sources had radio counterparts, which are likely all chromospherically active binary stars. We also identified luminous radio and X-ray variability from a spectroscopic triple system in M67, WOCS 3012/S1077, which is either consistent with a quiescent black hole binary, or due to an active binary stellar system. A recent population study of optical variables by Anderson & Hunt 2025 shows that the population of optical variables in open clusters clearly changes over cluster age; this pilot study gives evidence that the X-ray population also changes with time, and demonstrates the need for a broader multiwavelength study of Galactic open clusters.
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