将波前误差、波前传感与控制以及灵敏度纳入未来空间任务的曝光时间计算中：误差预算软件（EBS）
Incorporating Wavefront Error, Wavefront Sensing and Control, and Sensitivities into Exposure Time Calculations for Future Space Missions with the Error Budget Software (EBS)
AI总结：
本文提出误差预算软件（EBS）用于未来空间任务中将波前误差、波前传感与控制及灵敏度纳入曝光时间计算，以提高类地行星成像性能。
摘要：
NASA的宜居世界观测站（HWO）任务概念的主要目标是探索约100个恒星系统的宜居区，并获取约25个类地行星的光谱（行星/恒星光度比约为1E-10），这对观测站系统的性能提出了严格限制。特别是，冠状仪仪器需要进一步成熟，以实现更高的通量、更深的对比度和更好的宽带性能，同时还要考虑其灵敏度以及缓解望远镜不稳定性及波前误差（WFE）的影响，这些因素对类地行星成像有深远影响。各种提出的HWO任务架构的成功通常用估计的类地行星候选者产量来表示。使用曝光时间计算工具（ETC）计算达到所需信噪比的最小曝光时间是产量估计的关键部分。冠状仪灵敏度、WFE以及波前传感与控制（WFS&C）的影响已在开发误差预算用于罗马冠状仪仪器等任务和仪器的背景下被广泛研究，但目前尚无简便的方法将这些关键参数的影响纳入HWO的曝光时间计算中。为解决这一问题，我们开发了误差预算软件（EBS）——一个开源工具，可以综合灵敏度、WFE以及WFS&C信息，适用于多种时间和空间尺度，并直接与开源产量代码EXOSIMS接口以生成曝光时间。我们通过Ultrastable Observatory Roadmap Team（USORT）观测站设计的例子展示了EBS如何用于任务误差预算。这包括使用EBS进行单变量和多变量参数探索，其中我们识别了原始对比度与波前误差、探测器噪声与能量分辨率之间的趋势。
英文摘要：
A primary goal of NASA's Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) mission concept is to explore the Habitable Zones (HZ) of ~100 stellar systems and acquire spectra of ~25 terrestrial-type planets (with planet/star flux ratios on the order of 1E-10) which places tight constraints on the performance of observatory systems. In particular, coronagraph instrumentation needs to be matured for higher throughput, deeper contrasts, and better broadband performance, while also considering their sensitivity and ability to mitigate the impact of telescope instability and wavefront error (WFE), which can have a profound impact on exo-Earth imaging. The success of various proposed HWO mission architectures is often represented by the estimated exo-Earth candidate yield. Computation of the minimum exposure time to achieve the required signal-to-noise on a given target, using an exposure time calculator (ETC), is a key part of yield estimation. The impacts of coronagraph sensitivity, WFE, and wavefront sensing and control (WFS&C) have been well studied in the context of developing error budgets for missions and instruments such as the Roman Coronagraph Instrument, but there is currently no easily accessible way to incorporate the effects of these key parameters into calculating exposure times for HWO. To address this, we developed the Error Budget Software (EBS) - an open-source tool that synthesizes sensitivity, WFE, and WFS&C information for a variety of temporal and spatial scales and directly interfaces with the open-source yield code EXOSIMS to produce exposure times. We demonstrate how EBS can be used for mission error budgeting using the example of the Ultrastable Observatory Roadmap Team (USORT) observatory design. This includes both single and multi-variate parameter explorations using EBS where we identify trends between raw contrast and wavefront error, and detector noise and energy resolution.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
