J-PLUS：M 33的行星状星云群体
J-PLUS: The planetary nebula population of M 33
AI总结：
利用J-PLUS数据首次检测M 33中的行星状星云，通过光度学分析识别可能的晕PN，揭示了多波段调查在发现外星系PN中的潜力。
摘要：
在本初步研究中，我们利用Javalambre-光度局部宇宙调查（J-PLUS）的第三数据释放（DR3）数据，研究了近邻螺旋星系M~33（约840kpc）中的行星状星云（PN）群体。从M~33已知的143个PN中，仅有13个的光度学数据在J-PLUS目录中存在，这些数据可通过J-PLUS门户获取。为了恢复更大比例的M~33 PN群体，我们采用了SExtractor软件提取J-PLUS图像中的源，并获取文献中已知的PN的光度学数据，尽可能进行PSF光度学测量。通过这一过程，利用Hα图像作为检测图像，获得了98个PN的光度学数据，其中包括已在J-PLUS目录中的13个。基于针对银河系晕PN开发的诊断颜色-颜色图（DCCDs），我们识别出16个具有PN-like颜色的源。与现有目录的交叉匹配显示，这些候选者大多数是H II区域，尽管有一个源仍未被识别。此外，分析其半高全宽（FWHM），大多数不会是PN候选者。这突显了该方法在选择发射线对象方面的有效性，同时也强调了仅使用光度学数据区分PN与污染源的挑战。对98个已知PN的J-PLUS颜色进行了分析，并结合文献中关于其径向速度的信息，最终识别出一个可能的晕PN。这是第一篇旨在在多波段调查如J-PLUS、南方局部宇宙调查（S-PLUS）和Javalambre-加速宇宙天体物理调查（J-PAS）中检测 extragalactic PN 的论文，为这些调查在其他邻近星系中进行类似研究铺平了道路，这些星系缺乏已知PN的目录。
英文摘要：
In this pilot study, we investigate the PN population in M~33, a nearby spiral galaxy ($\simeq 840$~kpc), using data from the DR3 of the Javalambre-Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS), a 12-band photometric dataset extensively used to identify H$α$ line emitters. From the 143 known PNe of M~33, the photometry of only 13 are present in the J-PLUS catalog, as available on the J-PLUS portal. With the aim of recovering a larger fraction of the M~33 PN population, the software SExtractor is adopted to extract the sources in the J-PLUS images and obtain the photometric data for the PNe known in the literature, performing PSF photometry when possible. With this procedure the photometry of 98 PNe was obtained using H$α$ image as detection image, including the 13 already present in the J-PLUS catalog. Using diagnostic color-color diagrams (DCCDs) based on criteria developed for Milky Way halo PNe, we identified 16 sources with PN-like colors. Cross-match with existing catalogs revealed that most of these candidates are H II regions, though one source remains unidentified. Additionally, analyzing their full width at half maximum, most of them would not be PN candidates. This highlights the method's ability to select emission-line objects but also underscores the challenge of distinguishing PNe from contaminants using photometry alone. The J-PLUS colors of 98 known PNe were analyzed, together with literature information on their radial velocities, resulting in the identification of one possible halo PN. This is the first paper which aims at detecting extragalactic PNe in multi-band surveys such as J-PLUS, the Southern Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS) and the Javalambre-Physics of the Accelerating Universe Astrophysical Survey (J-PAS), paving the way for similar studies in these surveys for other nearby galaxies, which lack catalogs of known PNe.
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