探索火星大气环境中的金属增材制造
Exploring Metal Additive Manufacturing in Martian Atmospheric Environments
AI总结：
本研究探讨了在火星大气中使用二氧化碳替代氩气进行选择性激光熔化制造的可行性，发现其在制造质量上优于环境空气，为火星原地制造提供了新途径。
摘要：
在太空中制造对于实现长期行星殖民至关重要，特别是在火星上，从地球运输材料既昂贵又在物流上受到限制。传统的减材制造方法高度依赖设备、能源和材料，使增材制造（AM）成为外星制造更实用和可持续的替代方案。在各种AM技术中，选择性激光熔化（SLM）因其卓越的通用性、精度和能够生产复杂几何形状的致密金属部件而脱颖而出。然而，传统SLM过程依赖于惰性氩气环境以防止氧化并确保高质量部件形成，这些条件在火星上难以复制。本研究探讨了使用二氧化碳（CO2），这构成了火星大气的95%以上，作为替代氩气在SLM中的可行性。在氩气、二氧化碳和环境空气环境中，使用广泛的激光参数制备了单条轨和二维316L不锈钢试样，以评估大气成分对表面形态、微观结构结合和氧化行为的影响。结果表明，没有单一参数控制整体部件质量；相反，参数的平衡对于保持制造过程中的热平衡至关重要。尽管在二氧化碳中制成的部件在表面光洁度、结合和抗氧化性方面略逊于氩气，但其性能明显优于在环境空气中制造的部件。这些发现表明，CO2辅助的SLM可能能够使火星上的原地制造可持续化，并可能还成为地球应用中的经济型屏蔽气体替代品。
英文摘要：
In-space manufacturing is essential for achieving long-term planetary colonization, particularly on Mars, where material transport from Earth is both costly and logistically restrictive. Traditional subtractive manufacturing methods are highly equipment-, energy-, and material-intensive, making additive manufacturing (AM) a more practical and sustainable alternative for extraterrestrial production. Among various AM technologies, selective laser melting (SLM) stands out due to its exceptional versatility, precision, and capability to produce dense metallic parts with complex geometries. However, conventional SLM processes rely heavily on inert argon environments to prevent oxidation and ensure high-quality part formation, conditions that are difficult to reproduce on Mars. This study investigates the feasibility of using carbon dioxide (CO2), which makes up over 95% of the Martian atmosphere, as a potential substitute for argon in SLM. Single-track and two-dimensional 316L stainless steel specimens were fabricated under argon, CO2, and ambient air environments with a wide range of laser parameters to evaluate the influence of atmospheric composition on surface morphology, microstructural cohesion, and oxidation behavior. The results reveal that no single parameter controls the overall part quality; rather, a balance of parameters is essential to maintain thermal equilibrium during fabrication. Although parts produced in CO2 exhibited slightly inferior surface finish, cohesion, and oxidation resistance compared to argon, they performed significantly better than those fabricated in ambient air. These findings suggest that CO2-assisted SLM could enable sustainable in situ manufacturing on Mars and may also serve as a cost-effective alternative shielding gas for terrestrial applications.
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