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arXiv 2601.03329cs.LGcs.AI
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神经网络中的注意机制

Attention mechanisms in neural networks

Hasi Hays

AI总结:

本文系统阐述了神经网络中注意机制的理论基础、计算特性及应用,涵盖自然语言处理、计算机视觉和多模态学习等多个领域,分析了其可解释性及当前存在的限制。

摘要:

注意机制代表了神经网络架构中一项根本性的范式转变,使模型能够通过学习的加权函数选择性地聚焦于输入序列的相关部分。本文对注意机制进行了全面而严谨的数学处理,涵盖了其理论基础、计算特性以及在现代深度学习系统中的实际应用。在自然语言处理、计算机视觉和多模态学习中的应用展示了注意机制的多功能性。我们研究了使用自回归转换器的语言建模、双向编码器表示学习、序列到序列翻译、用于图像分类的视觉转换器以及用于视觉-语言任务的跨模态注意机制。实证分析揭示了训练特性、与模型大小和计算量相关的扩展规律、注意模式的可视化以及在标准数据集上的性能基准。我们讨论了学习到的注意模式的可解释性及其与语言和视觉结构的关系。本文最后对当前的限制进行了批判性审视,包括计算可扩展性、数据效率、系统泛化和可解释性挑战。

英文摘要:

Attention mechanisms represent a fundamental paradigm shift in neural network architectures, enabling models to selectively focus on relevant portions of input sequences through learned weighting functions. This monograph provides a comprehensive and rigorous mathematical treatment of attention mechanisms, encompassing their theoretical foundations, computational properties, and practical implementations in contemporary deep learning systems. Applications in natural language processing, computer vision, and multimodal learning demonstrate the versatility of attention mechanisms. We examine language modeling with autoregressive transformers, bidirectional encoders for representation learning, sequence-to-sequence translation, Vision Transformers for image classification, and cross-modal attention for vision-language tasks. Empirical analysis reveals training characteristics, scaling laws that relate performance to model size and computation, attention pattern visualizations, and performance benchmarks across standard datasets. We discuss the interpretability of learned attention patterns and their relationship to linguistic and visual structures. The monograph concludes with a critical examination of current limitations, including computational scalability, data efficiency, systematic generalization, and interpretability challenges.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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