量子钟干涉仪中引力时间膨胀与纠缠多光子态及量子记忆
Gravitational time dilation in quantum clock interferometry with entangled multi-photon states and quantum memories
AI总结：
本研究通过量子记忆和纠缠多光子态实现引力时间膨胀驱动的量子钟干涉测量，展示固有时依赖相位的放大效应，为观察引力时间膨胀诱导的纠缠动态提供实验条件。
摘要：
引力时间膨胀意味着在不同高度处的钟积累不同的固有时。我们分析了一个由量子记忆辅助的量子钟干涉仪，在其中一个频率分量光子钟被存储在两个垂直分离的量子记忆中，持续时间可控，使得联合状态在两个固有时的量子叠加态中演化。在检索后，光子模式在Hong-Ou-Mandel（HOM）干涉仪中干涉，我们推导出由此产生的多光子探测统计的解析表达式。将这种基于HOM的方案从纠缠光子对扩展到频率纠缠的2N光子输入，我们显示固有时依赖的相位被放大N倍，导致干涉信号的塌缩和复兴比两光子情况快N倍。结合有限的记忆效率和寿命，我们确定了这种调制仍可观察的区域。对于与已演示的Rb和Cs记忆以及可实现的光学频率分离参数兼容的情况，第一次塌缩发生在高度差在10-100米的范围内，存储时间从亚秒到几秒，而合适的稀土离子和碱土记忆组合可以将所需高度降至数米量级。这些结果建立了在光子平台上观察由引力时间膨胀驱动的纠缠动力学的近期实验室条件。
英文摘要：
Gravitational time dilation implies that clocks held at different heights accumulate different proper times. We analyze a memory-assisted quantum clock interferometer in which a frequency-bin photonic clock is stored in two vertically separated quantum memories for a controllable duration, such that the joint state evolves in a quantum superposition of two proper times. After retrieval, the photonic modes interfere in a Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometer, for which we derive analytic expressions for the resulting multiphoton detection statistics. Extending this HOM-based scheme from entangled photon pairs to frequency-entangled 2N-photon inputs, we show that the proper-time dependent phase is amplified by a factor N, leading to an N-times faster collapse and revival of the interference signal compared with the two-photon case. Incorporating finite memory efficiency and lifetime, we identify regimes where this modulation remains observable. For parameters compatible with demonstrated Rb and Cs memories and achievable optical frequency separations, the first collapse occurs for height differences in the order of 10-100 m with subsecond to few-second storage times, while suitable rare-earth ion and alkali memory combinations can reduce the required height to the few-metre scale. These results establish near-term laboratory conditions for observing entanglement dynamics driven by gravitational time dilation in a photonic platform.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
