在高红移前沿寻找首次爆炸
Hunting for the First Explosions at the High-Redshift Frontier
AI总结：
研究通过JWST探测高红移前沿的极端红移源，探讨其是否与第一颗无金属恒星形成相关的高能瞬变事件一致，提出双星不稳定超新星的可能性。
摘要：
詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜（JWST）已通过光谱确认了在大爆炸后300百万年（Myr）时存在的星系，其红移达到约z~14，同时发现了一些红移在z~15-25的候选者，其中有一个候选者的红移高达z~30，仅在大爆炸后100 Myr。这些对象令人意外，因为理论研究并未预测出在z~30处可探测到的星系存在。尽管任何z~30的候选者可能在较低红移处是污染源，我们探讨这些极端红移源是否与第一颗无金属恒星的形成相关的高能瞬变事件一致。具体来说，我们考虑了双星不稳定超新星（PISNe），这是一种预测的极端热核爆炸类型，不会留下残骸。利用宇宙学模拟，我们研究了一个过密的宇宙区域，在该区域中，星形成及随后的PISNe发生在z~30-40，即使在标准宇宙学模型中也是如此。评估此类区域的可能性，对应的z>20处的PISNe数量及其观测到的流量，我们发现JWST在极高红移处探测到PISN事件的可能性非微不足道。如果确认在z~30处的瞬变事件，这将提供直接窥视首次恒星形成纪元的机会，大幅扩展天文学的经验范围。
英文摘要：
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has spectroscopically confirmed galaxies up to $z\sim14$, 300 Myr after the Big Bang, and several candidates have been discovered at $z\sim15-25$, with one candidate as high as $z\sim30$, only 100 Myr after the Big Bang. Such objects are unexpected, since theoretical studies have not predicted the existence of detectable galaxies at $z\sim30$. While any $z\sim30$ candidates may be contaminants at lower redshifts, we explore whether such extreme redshift sources could be consistent with hyper-energetic transient events linked to the formation of the first, metal-free, stars. Specifically, we consider pair-instability supernovae (PISNe), a predicted class of extreme thermonuclear explosions that leave no remnant behind. Using cosmological simulations, we investigate an overdense cosmic region, where star formation and subsequent PISNe occur at $z\sim30-40$, even within standard cosmology. Assessing the likelihood of such a region, the corresponding number of PISNe at $z\gtrsim20$, and their observed flux, we find that JWST has a non-negligible chance to detect a PISN event at extremely high redshifts. If a transient event were confirmed at $z\sim30$, this would provide a direct glimpse into the epoch of first star formation, dramatically extending the empirical reach of astronomy.
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