在受监视的偶极子守恒量子电路中强到弱对称性破缺
Strong-to-weak symmetry breaking in monitored dipole conserving quantum circuits
AI总结：
研究揭示了在受监视的偶极子守恒量子电路中，电荷和偶极子矩守恒的自发破缺现象及其在不同测量率下的相变特性。
摘要：
我们探讨了在动力学保持电荷和偶极子矩以及局部电荷密度测量的情况下，受监视量子电路的信息理论相。具体而言，电荷和偶极子矩守恒都是强对称性，但在动力学下可以自发破缺为弱对称性：这种自发对称性破缺在信息理论上有解释，即是否可以从局部测量中学习到全局电荷。我们发现了一个丰富的相图：在一维情况下，电荷总是容易学习，而偶极子矩可以是容易或困难的。在二维情况下，我们发现三个相：对于频繁测量，电荷和偶极子矩都是容易学习的；当测量率降低时，首先偶极子矩然后电荷变得困难。在二维情况下，低测量相是一种异相的临界相，具有各向异性时空标度，类似于一种液态晶体。
英文摘要：
We explore the information-theoretic phases of monitored quantum circuits subject to dynamics that conserves both charge and dipole moment, as well as measurements of the local charge density. Explicitly, both charge and dipole-moment conservation are strong symmetries, but under the dynamics they can be spontaneously broken to weak symmetries: this spontaneous symmetry breaking has an information-theoretic interpretation in terms of whether one can learn global charges from local measurements. We find a rich phase diagram: in one spatial dimension, charge is always easy to learn, while dipole moment can be either easy or hard. In two dimensions, we find three phases: for frequent measurements, both charge and dipole moment are easy to learn; as the measurement rate is decreased, first dipole moment and then charge become hard. In two dimensions, the low-measurement phase is an exotic critical phase with anisotropic spacetime scaling, analogous to a smectic liquid crystal.
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