具有认证永恒性的量子非交互式零知识证明
Certified-Everlasting Quantum NIZK Proofs
AI总结:
该研究提出了一种基于LWE假设的具有认证永恒性的量子非交互式零知识证明,解决了CRS模型中CE-NIZK的障碍,并在共享EPR模型中实现了基于统计绑定隐藏位生成器的构造。
摘要:
我们研究了满足以下条件的NP问题的非交互式零知识证明(NIZK):1)统计正确性,2)计算零知识,3)认证永恒性零知识(CE-ZK)。CE-ZK属性允许量子证明的验证者以一种可以被证明者检查(认证)的方式撤销证明。在成功认证的条件下,验证者的状态可以仅使用声明高效模拟,以统计不可区分的方式。我们关于这些认证永恒性NIZK(CE-NIZK)的贡献如下:- 我们识别了在CRS模型中通过已知交互式零知识证明的泛化来获得CE-NIZK的障碍。- 我们通过构造CE-NIZK来克服这一障碍,该构造基于满足特定属性的NP问题NIZK以及OWFs。结果,我们基于学习误差(LWE)假设的多项难度,获得了CRS模型中的NP问题CE-NIZK。- 此外,我们观察到上述障碍不适用于共享EPR模型。我们利用这一事实,基于任何统计绑定隐藏位生成器构造了NP问题的CE-NIZK,该生成器可以基于LWE。该协议中唯一的量子计算涉及共享EPR对的单量子比特测量。
英文摘要:
We study non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs (NIZKs) for NP satisfying: 1) statistical soundness, 2) computational zero-knowledge (ZK) and 3) certified-everlasting zero-knowledge (CE-ZK). The CE-ZK property allows a verifier of a quantum proof to revoke the proof in a way that can be checked (certified) by the prover. Conditioned on successful certification, the verifier's state can be efficiently simulated with only the statement, in a statistically indistinguishable way. Our contributions regarding these certified-everlasting NIZKs (CE-NIZKs) are as follows: - We identify a barrier to obtaining CE-NIZKs in the CRS model via generalizations of known interactive ZK proofs that satisfy CE-ZK. - We circumvent this by constructing CE-NIZK using non-black-box use of NIZK for NP satisfying certain properties, along with OWFs. As a result, we obtain CE-NIZKs for NP in the CRS model, based on polynomial hardness of the learning with errors (LWE) assumption. - In addition, we observe that the aforementioned barrier does not apply to the shared EPR model. We leverage this to construct CE-NIZK for NP in this model based on any statistical binding hidden bits generator, which is known from LWE. The only quantum computation here involves single-qubit measurements of the EPR pairs.
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