通用人工智能模型可为生态农业作物保护生成可操作的知识
General-purpose AI models can generate actionable knowledge on agroecological crop protection
AI总结：
通用人工智能模型在生态农业作物保护中生成可操作知识，通过对比DeepSeek与ChatGPT的性能，展示其在科学知识生成和决策支持中的潜力。
摘要：
生成式人工智能（AI）提供了民主化科学知识并将其转化为清晰、可操作信息的潜力，但其在农业食品科学中的应用仍待探索。在此，我们验证了由基于网络或非基于网络的大型语言模型（LLMs）生成的生态农业作物保护的科学知识，即DeepSeek与ChatGPT的免费版本。针对九种全球性害虫、杂草和植物疾病，我们评估了每种LLM在事实准确性、数据一致性和知识或数据完整性的表现。总体而言，DeepSeek持续筛选出4.8-49.7倍更大的文献库，并报告了比ChatGPT多1.6-2.4倍的生物防治剂或管理解决方案。结果，DeepSeek报告了21.6%更高的效果估计值，表现出更大的实验室到田间数据一致性，并展示了害虫身份和管理策略的更现实效果。然而，两种模型都产生了幻觉，即虚构了虚构的代理或参考，报告了不合理的生态互动或结果，混淆了旧和新的科学命名法，并遗漏了关键代理或解决方案的数据。尽管这些不足，两种LLM正确报告了低分辨率的效果趋势。总体而言，当与严格的人类监督相结合时，LLM可能成为支持农场层面决策和释放科学创造力的强大工具。
英文摘要：
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential for democratizing scientific knowledge and converting this to clear, actionable information, yet its application in agri-food science remains unexplored. Here, we verify the scientific knowledge on agroecological crop protection that is generated by either web-grounded or non-grounded large language models (LLMs), i.e., DeepSeek versus the free-tier version of ChatGPT. For nine globally limiting pests, weeds, and plant diseases, we assessed the factual accuracy, data consistency, and breadth of knowledge or data completeness of each LLM. Overall, DeepSeek consistently screened a 4.8-49.7-fold larger literature corpus and reported 1.6-2.4-fold more biological control agents or management solutions than ChatGPT. As a result, DeepSeek reported 21.6% higher efficacy estimates, exhibited greater laboratory-to-field data consistency, and showed more realistic effects of pest identity and management tactics. However, both models hallucinated, i.e., fabricated fictitious agents or references, reported on implausible ecological interactions or outcomes, confused old and new scientific nomenclatures, and omitted data on key agents or solutions. Despite these shortcomings, both LLMs correctly reported low-resolution efficacy trends. Overall, when paired with rigorous human oversight, LLMs may pose a powerful tool to support farm-level decision-making and unleash scientific creativity.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
