观测单声子的拓扑伯瑞相
Observation of a Topological Berry Phase with a Single Phonon in an Ion Microtrap Array
AI总结：
通过精确控制二维离子阵列中的离子运动，研究单声子的拓扑伯瑞相及其在多体效应中的应用。
摘要：
受控的量子机械运动的被捕获原子离子可以用于模拟和探索集体量子现象，并用于处理量子信息。在外部施加的捕获势能中，冷原子离子由于相互静电排斥而自组织成“库仑晶体”。这些晶体中离子的运动强烈耦合，所有运动本征模式都涉及多个离子。虽然这使许多体物理研究成为可能，但作为量子平台，它限制了系统的灵活性和可调性。在这里，我们展示了一个单个捕获位点中的被捕获离子阵列，其运动模式可以通过调节每个离子的局部施加约束势能来可控地耦合和解耦。我们显示，单个运动量子或声子可以相干地在两个或三个被限制在边长为30 μm等边三角形顶点的离子之间共享。我们可以通过在配置空间中围绕闭合轮廓渐进地调节离子在运动模式中的参与，观察到当轮廓环绕运动本征值表面的锥形交点时，单声子波函数会获得拓扑伯瑞相。我们通过单声子干涉观察到这一相位，并研究其在运动模式调节变得非绝热时的崩溃。我们的结果表明，对二维阵列中离子运动的精确、单个量子控制可以提供对量子多体效应的独特访问。
英文摘要：
Controlled quantum mechanical motion of trapped atomic ions can be used to simulate and explore collective quantum phenomena and to process quantum information. Groups of cold atomic ions in an externally applied trapping potential self-organize into "Coulomb crystals" due to their mutual electrostatic repulsion. The motion of the ions in these crystals is strongly coupled, and the eigenmodes of motion all involve multiple ions. While this enables studies of many-body physics, it limits the flexibility and tunability of the system as a quantum platform. Here, we demonstrate an array of trapped ions in individual trapping sites whose motional modes can be controllably coupled and decoupled by tuning the local applied confining potential for each ion. We show that a single motional quantum, or phonon, can be coherently shared among two or three ions confined at the vertices of an equilateral triangle 30 $μ$m on a side. We can adiabatically tune the ion participation in the motional modes around a closed contour in configuration space, observing that the single-phonon wavefunction acquires a topological Berry phase if the contour encircles a conical intersection of motional eigenvalue surfaces. We observe this phase by single-phonon interference and study its breakdown as the motional mode tuning becomes non-adiabiatic. Our results show that precise, individual quantum control of ion motion in a two-dimensional array can provide unique access to quantum multi-body effects.
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