光谱微CT用于纤维软骨钙化的定量分析
Spectral micro-CT for quantitative analysis of calcification in fibrocartilage
AI总结：
本研究提出了一种基于光谱微CT的定量方法，用于非破坏性地分析纤维软骨钙化，提供三维钙分布的精确量化。
摘要：
本工作介绍了一种用于评估纤维软骨钙化的定量方法，使用光谱微CT（μCT）。髋关节髋臼杯唇组织样本来自骨关节炎和髋骨髋臼撞击症患者，使用配备小像素光电计数探测器的实验室级光谱μCT系统进行成像。探测器使用两个能量阈值，允许在不同X射线能量下同时获取两个CT数据集。一种考虑系统光谱响应的材料分解算法用于分离钙和水样成分，从而获得完整石蜡嵌片样本中钙化区域的三维可视化和定量分析。与基于组织学的传统钙化评估方法不同，这种光谱μCT方法可以在不进行物理切片或染色的情况下对钙结构进行体积定量。该方法在3厘米大小的样本上实现了20微米的像素尺寸，钙检测阈值为约0.3克/立方厘米，适用于50微米大小的结构。通过使用校准幻影估计了定量的准确性，约为5%。进一步与组织学的比较显示，该方法正确定位了钙的空间分布，并通过提供未破坏组织样本的非破坏性、定量3D钙图，实现了钙晶体沉积评分的匹配。该技术补充了组织学，可以增强髋关节疾病病理纤维软骨钙化的表征。
英文摘要：
This work introduces a quantitative method for assessing calcification in fibrocartilage using spectral micro-computed tomography ($μ$CT). Tissue samples of hip acetabular labrum from patients with osteoarthritis and femoroacetabular impingement were imaged with a laboratory-based spectral $μ$CT system equipped with a small-pixel photon-counting detector. The detector operated with two energy thresholds, allowing the simultaneous acquisition of two CT datasets at different X-ray energies. A material decomposition algorithm accounting for the system's spectral response was applied to separate calcium- and water-like components, yielding three-dimensional visualization and quantification of calcified regions within intact paraffin-embedded samples. Unlike the conventional method for calcification assessment based on histology, this spectral μCT approach offers volumetric quantification of calcium structures without physical sectioning or staining. The method achieved a voxel size of 20 $μ$m for samples up to ~3 cm, with a calcium detection threshold of ~0.3 g/cm$^3$ for structures down to 50 $μ$m. Quantification accuracy was estimated to be 5% by using a calibration phantom. Further comparison with histology demonstrated the correct localization of calcium spatial distributions and a match in the calcium crystal deposition score by providing non-destructive, quantitative 3D calcium maps of preserved tissue samples. This technique complements histology and could enhance the characterization of pathological fibrocartilage calcification in hip joint disorders.
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