量子磁体中的集体簇核化动力学
Collective cluster nucleation dynamics in quantum magnets
AI总结：
该研究通过原子瑞利德阵列观测了二维铁磁量子伊辛系统中淬火后的集体簇核化动力学，揭示了受限和无限制两种不同阶段的核化机制，为量子模拟非平衡现象提供了新方法。
摘要：
强相互作用的多体系统表现出由微观自由度之间的复杂相关性所产生的集体性质。这些协同现象决定了量子系统的非平衡响应，其相关性范围从凝聚态物理到描述我们宇宙基本方面的量子场理论。理解这些涌现动力学的原理仍然是量子多体物理中的核心挑战之一。在此，我们报告了在二维铁磁量子伊辛系统中通过原子瑞利德阵列实现的淬火后集体簇核化动力学的观测。我们的实验揭示了两种不同的阶段：在受限阶段，我们观察到能量依赖的簇大小，揭示出超过十个自旋的大集体簇。相反，无限制阶段则以动力学受限、类似雪崩的核化动力学为特征，涉及整个系统。我们的发现为瑞利德阵列的量子模拟开辟了新的前沿，使能够受控探索此前无法触及的非平衡现象。除了推进实验能力外，它们还提供了对高度相关过程的基本见解，其影响从量子磁性和玻璃动力学扩展到早期宇宙的宇宙学模型。
英文摘要：
Strongly interacting many-body systems exhibit collective properties that emerge from complex correlations among microscopic degrees of freedom. These cooperative phenomena govern the non-equilibrium response of quantum systems, with relevance ranging from condensed matter physics to quantum field theories describing fundamental aspects of our universe. Understanding such emergent dynamics from first principles remains one of the central challenges in quantum many-body physics. Here we report on the observation of collective cluster nucleation dynamics following quenches in 2D ferromagnetic quantum Ising systems implemented in an atomic Rydberg array. Our experiments reveal two distinct regimes: In the confined regime, we observe an energy-dependent cluster size, revealing large collective clusters exceeding ten spins. In contrast, the deconfined regime is characterized by kinetically constrained, avalanche-like nucleation dynamics involving the entire system. Our findings establish a new frontier for quantum simulations with Rydberg arrays, enabling controlled exploration of non-equilibrium phenomena previously out of reach. Beyond advancing experimental capabilities, they provide fundamental insights into highly correlated processes with implications that reach from quantum magnetism and glassy dynamics to cosmological models of the early universe.
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