内部孤立波与漂浮网状物的相互作用
Interactions Between Internal Solitary Waves and Floating Canopies
AI总结：
研究了内部孤立波与不同孔隙率漂浮网状物的相互作用，发现高孔隙率网状物导致振幅轻微减少，而低孔隙率网状物引发强烈剪切层和涡对，导致复杂波形变化和能量转换。
摘要：
对内部孤立波与不同长度和孔隙率的漂浮网状物的相互作用进行了实验室实验和补充模拟研究，针对一个混溶的两层系统。在两种方法中，通过非线性eKdV解驱动的喷嘴阵列机制生成不同振幅的内部孤立波。实验中使用同步平面激光诱导荧光和粒子图像测速系统获取密度梯度位移、相速和速度场。在模拟中，网状物被表示为具有预设孔隙率和水力导率的多孔区域，其通过比较模拟和测量的水平速度剖面进行验证。高孔隙率（过渡）网状物在相互作用后产生几乎单调的、但微小的振幅减少和几乎无波能耗散。然而，低孔隙率（密集）网状物底部边缘发展出的剪切层增长到与内部孤立波在密度梯度处维持的剪切层相当的强度。由该剪切层生成的涡对加速了网状物下方上层流体，导致复杂的非线性振幅调制和显著的波形变化。随着网状物长度的延长，内部孤立波趋于准稳态，具有显著的相速降低。当波离开网状物后，下游边缘的流动分离再次与密度梯度处的剪切层配对，诱导出增强的喷嘴。这种复杂的相互作用导致在密集网状物下动能和位能之间的能量转移。
英文摘要：
Interactions between internal solitary waves and floating canopies of varying length and porosity are examined via laboratory experiments and complementary simulations for a miscible, two-layer system. In both approaches, internal solitary waves of varying amplitudes are generated by a jet-array mechanism that is driven by the nonlinear eKdV solution. Pycnocline displacements, phase speeds, and velocity fields are obtained using synchronized planar laser-induced fluorescence and particle imaging velocimetry systems in the experiment. In the simulations, the canopy is represented as a porous zone with prescribed porosity and hydraulic conductivity determined by the Kozeny-Carman model, which is validated by comparing simulated and measured horizontal velocity profiles. The higher-porosity (transitional) canopy produces a nearly monotonic, albeit minor, amplitude reduction and negligible wave energy dissipation after the interaction. However, the shear layer developed at the bottom edge of the lower-porosity (dense) canopy grows to a comparable strength as the shear sustained by the internal solitary wave profile at the pycnocline. The vortex pair generated by this shear accelerates the upper-layer fluid beneath the canopy, leading to complex nonlinear amplitude modulation and significant wave transformation. With an extended canopy length, the internal solitary waves settle to a quasi-steady state with a significant phase speed reduction. Upon the wave exiting the canopy, flow separation at the downstream edge of the canopy again pairs with the shear at the pycnocline, inducing an intensified jet. This complex interaction leads to energy transfer between kinetic and potential energy under the dense canopy.
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