从黑洞热力学、虫洞和时间对称量子力学角度限制时间热力学箭头的逆转
Constraints on Reversing the Thermodynamic Arrow of Time from Black Hole Thermodynamics, Wormholes, and Time-Symmetric Quantum Mechanics
AI总结：
该研究通过黑洞热力学、虫洞和时间对称量子力学探讨单一宇宙中逆转热力学时间箭头的限制，发现熵只能在不同部分重新分配而无法真正逆转。
摘要：
在一个单一宇宙中，能否在 semiclassical 重力框架下不引入额外宇宙或分支的情况下暂时逆转热力学时间箭头？我们在一个单一连通时空背景下探讨这一问题，其中量子场论与经典广义相对论耦合，黑洞、可穿越虫洞以及时间对称或逆行量子力学可能看似为熵导出或抵消提供通道。在区分细粒度、粗粒度和广义引力熵后，我们提出了宇宙粗粒度熵，并在信息论语言中处理黑洞蒸发、受量子能量不等式约束的虫洞以及两种时间边界值框架（包括吸收型和双态向量形式）。然后我们引入了“全局熵传输”（GET）框架，并推导出一个约束物质加辐射熵净减少的不等式，以变化的视界面积和相关（互信息）项表示，假设广义第二定律和现代聚焦和能量条件。在此框架下，黑洞、虫洞和逆行协议只能在物质、辐射和引力部分之间重新分配熵并重塑局部熵产生模式。在当前 semiclassical、全息和统计力学约束下，它们不允许可在一个单一连通宇宙中真正逆转普遍热力学时间箭头。
英文摘要：
Can the thermodynamic arrow of time in a single universe be reversed, even temporarily, within semiclassical gravity without invoking additional universes or branches? We address this question in a single, connected spacetime where quantum field theory is coupled to classical general relativity, and where black holes, traversable wormholes, and time-symmetric or retrocausal formulations of quantum mechanics might naively appear to open channels for entropy export or cancellation. After distinguishing fine-grained, coarse-grained, and generalized gravitational entropy, and formulating a cosmological coarse-grained entropy, we treat black hole evaporation, wormholes constrained by quantum energy inequalities, and two-time boundary-value frameworks (including absorber-type and two-state-vector formalisms) within a common information-theoretic language. We then introduce a "Global Entropy Transport" (GET) framework and derive a sectoral inequality that bounds the net decrease of matter-plus-radiation entropy in terms of changes in horizon area and correlation (mutual-information) terms, assuming the generalized second law and modern focusing and energy conditions. Within this framework, black holes, wormholes, and retrocausal protocols can at most redistribute entropy among matter, radiation, and gravitational sectors and reshape the local pattern of entropy production. They do not, under current semiclassical, holographic, and statistical-mechanical constraints, permit a genuine reversal of the universal thermodynamic arrow in a single connected universe.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
