边际生产力理论与财产劳动理论：基于向量边际产品的分析
Marginal Productivity Theory versus the Labor Theory of Property: An analysis using vectorial marginal products
AI总结：
本文用向量边际产品重新表述边际生产力理论，指出其与“分配份额”图景冲突，并借助该理论呈现财产劳动理论的现代阐释，包括描述层面的生产向量归属及规范层面的归责应用。
摘要：
新古典经济理论采用标量边际产品概念呈现边际生产力（MP）理论，并或隐或显地着力证明竞争均衡满足所谓的伦理原则：“各取其所及所拥有工具所生产之物”。本文表明，MP理论也可通过数学等价的向量边际产品方式表述——但这与上述“分配份额”图景相冲突。向量MP理论还有助于呈现财产劳动理论的现代阐释：其描述层面基于一个事实，即与分配份额图景相反，在生产机会中，一个法律主体获得包含100%已用投入负债和100%产出的生产向量；其规范层面则是将通常的归责司法规范应用于财产占有问题。
英文摘要：
Neoclassical economic theory presents marginal productivity (MP) theory using the scalar notion of marginal products, and takes pains, implicitly or explicitly, to show that competitive equilibrium satisfies the supposedly ethical principle: ``To each what he and the instruments he owns produces.'' This paper shows that MP theory can also be formulated in a mathematically equivalent way using vectorial marginal products--which however conflicts with the above-mentioned ``distributive shares'' picture. Vectorial MP theory also facilitates the presentation of modern treatment of the labor theory of property which on the descriptive side is based on the fact that, contrary to the distributive shares picture, one legal party gets the production vector consisting of 100 percent of the liabilities for the used-up inputs and 100 percent of the produced outputs in a productive opportunity. On the normative side, the labor theory of property is just the application of the usual juridical norm of imputation to the question of property appropriation. Keywords: marginal productivity theory, property theory, imputation of responsibility, vectorial marginal products JEL Classification]{D2, D3, D63, P14
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