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arXiv 2511.05785cs.RO

蚂蚁、物理系统与机器人集群中集体行为背后的统一随机机制

A Unified Stochastic Mechanism Underlying Collective Behavior in Ants, Physical Systems, and Robotic Swarms

Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, MA, US(麻省理工学院计算机科学与人工智能实验室);The International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics, Lund University, Sweden(隆德大学国际工业环境经济研究所)

Lianhao Yin, Haiping Yu, Pascal Spino, Daniela Rus

AI总结:

本文通过蚂蚁实验揭示生物与物理系统共享“不同能量函数约束下最大化”的随机机制,并据此构建统一随机模型,使机器人集群能以极低个体计算实现可扩展、去中心化的相变式合作。

摘要:

生物集群(如蚁群)通过去中心化和随机的个体行为实现集体目标。类似地,由气体、液体和固体组成的物理系统表现出受熵最大化支配的随机粒子运动,但并不能实现集体目标。尽管存在这种类比,目前仍没有统一框架来解释生物和物理系统中的随机行为。在此,我们展示了来自 \textit{Formica polyctena} 蚂蚁的经验证据,揭示了两个系统背后共享的统计机制:在不同能量函数约束下的最大化。我们进一步证明,受这一原理支配的机器人集群能够表现出可扩展的、去中心化的合作,以极少的个体计算模仿物理相变类行为。这些发现建立了一个统一的随机模型,将生物、物理和机器人集群联系起来,为设计鲁棒且智能的集群机器人提供了一种可扩展的原理。

英文摘要:

Biological swarms, such as ant colonies, achieve collective goals through decentralized and stochastic individual behaviors. Similarly, physical systems composed of gases, liquids, and solids exhibit random particle motion governed by entropy maximization, yet do not achieve collective objectives. Despite this analogy, no unified framework exists to explain the stochastic behavior in both biological and physical systems. Here, we present empirical evidence from \textit{Formica polyctena} ants that reveals a shared statistical mechanism underlying both systems: maximization under different energy function constraints. We further demonstrate that robotic swarms governed by this principle can exhibit scalable, decentralized cooperation, mimicking physical phase-like behaviors with minimal individual computation. These findings established a unified stochastic model linking biological, physical, and robotic swarms, offering a scalable principle for designing robust and intelligent swarm robotics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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