Euclid 快速数据发布（Q1）。在 z = 2.48-3.88 处高电离发射线的光谱揭示
Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). Spectroscopic unveiling of highly ionised lines at z = 2.48-3.88
AI总结：
本研究在 Euclid Q1 数据中探索了 z=2.48-3.88 范围内具有高电离发射线的稀有源族群，通过同时探测 NeV 和 OII 发射线筛选出 65 个潜在 NeV 候选体，并分析了其宿主星系形态-分光光度性质，为后续数据发布中的科学研究奠定基础。
摘要：
本研究探索了 Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1) 中目前尚未被测绘的光谱红移空间区域内的一个稀有源族群，旨在为即将开展的光谱研究提供支持。我们的目标是识别并研究一类源，其光谱特征表现为高电离发射线，这指示了活动星系核活动、极端激波现象或 Wolf--Rayet 星。为确保样本的可靠性，我们对光谱进行了全面的视觉检查，重点关注同时探测到 NeV 和 OII 发射线测量值，这一条件将 Euclid 的光谱红移范围限制在 z=2.48--3.88。为了表征这一族群，我们分析了其宿主星系的形态-分光光度性质。这使得我们能够直接与具有相似 OII 性质和光谱红移但没有 NeV 线的控制源进行比较。我们仅基于 Halpha 范围之外的红移范围内的光谱标准来识别源。最终样本包含 65 个潜在的 NeV 候选体，实现了对这些高红移 NeV 候选发射体的首次系统性探测。我们发现，使用直接积分和高斯拟合方法计算的光谱测量值在 1σ 范围内具有良好的一致性。NeV 候选体表现出与明亮 QSO 相似的颜色，仅有少数位于极红类星体的尾部。与控制样本相比，我们观测到更高的恒星质量含量、4000A 断裂处更低的连续谱，以及相似的 Sérsic 指数分布。这一独特样本为广泛的科学研究铺平了道路，这些研究将在即将到来的数据发布中进行。
英文摘要：
This study explores a rare population of sources in a currently uncharted region of spectroscopic redshift space in the Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1), and is intended potentially to support upcoming spectroscopic studies. Our goal is to identify and investigate a population of sources characterised by highly ionised emission lines in their spectra, which are indicative of active galactic nucleus activity, extreme shock phenomena, or Wolf--Rayet stars. A comprehensive visual inspection of spectra is conducted to ensure the reliability of the sample, focusing on the simultaneous detection of both NeV and OII emission-line measurements, a condition that restricts the Euclid spectroscopic redshift range to z=2.48--3.88. To characterise this population, we analysed the morpho-spectrophotometric properties of their host galaxies. This allowed for a direct comparison with control sources that exhibit similar OII properties and spectroscopic redshifts, but not NeV lines. We identify sources solely based on spectroscopic criteria in the redshift range beyond the Halpha regime. Encompassing 65 potential NeV candidates, the resulting sample delivers the first systematic probe of these NeV candidate emitters at high redshift. We found a good agreement, within 1$σ$, between the spectral measurements calculated using both direct integration and Gaussian fitting methodologies. The NeV candidates exhibit colours similar to bright QSOs, with only a few in the tail of very red quasars. We observed a higher stellar mass content, a lower continuum around the 4000A break, and a similar Sérsic index distribution compared to the control sample. This unique sample paves the way for a wide range of scientific investigations, which will be pursued in the forthcoming data releases.
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