Rydberg excited states of molecules pose a challenge for electronic structure calculations because of their highly diffuse electron distribution. Even large and elaborate atomic basis sets tend to underrepresent the long-range tail, overly confining the Rydberg state. An approach is presented here where the molecular orbitals are variationally optimized for the excited state using a plane wave basis set in a Hartree-Fock calculation, followed by a configuration interaction calculation. The use of excited state optimized orbitals greatly enhances the convergence of the many-body calculation, as illustrated by a full configuration interaction calculation of the $2s$ Rydberg state of H$_2$. A neural-network-based selective configuration interaction approach is then applied to calculations of $3s$ and $3p$ states of H$_2$O and NH$_3$. The obtained values of excitation energy are in close agreement with experimental measurements as well as previous many-body calculations where sufficiently diffuse atomic basis sets were used. Calculations using atomic basis sets lacking extra diffuse functions, such as aug-cc-pVTZ, give significantly higher estimates due to confinement of the Rydberg states.
Orbital-optimized Density Functional Calculations of Molecular Rydberg Excited States with Real Space Grid Representation and Self-Interaction Correction
We investigate the structure of the one-body Reduced Density Matrix (1RDM) of three electron systems, i.e. doublet and quadruplet spin configurations, corresponding to the smallest interacting system with an open-shell ground state. To this end, we use Configuration Interaction (CI) expansions of the exact wave function in Slater determinants built from natural orbitals in a finite dimensional Hilbert space. With the exception of maximally polarized systems, the natural orbitals of spin eigenstates are generally spin dependent, i.e. the spatial parts of the up and down natural orbitals form tw…
The projection-based quantum embedding method is applied to electronically excited states of valence, Rydberg, and charge-transfer character, valence- and core-ionized states, as well as bound and temporary radical anions. We embed different variants of equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) theory in density functional theory and investigate the performance of the resulting methods using small organic molecules microsolvated by a varying number of water molecules as test cases. States that are unstable towards electron loss are treated by means of a complex-absorbin…
We present a general approach to converge excited state solutions to any quantum chemistry orbital optimization process, without the risk of variational collapse. The resulting Square Gradient Minimization (SGM) approach only requires analytic energy/Lagrangian orbital gradients and merely costs 3 times as much as ground state orbital optimization (per iteration), when implemented via a finite difference approach. SGM is applied to both single determinant $Δ$SCF and spin-purified Restricted Open-Shell Kohn-Sham (ROKS) approaches to study the accuracy of orbital optimized DFT excited states. It…
Preparing Small Gaussian Basis for Highly Accurate Ab Initio Description of Lithium Rydberg States
FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences（捷克科学院物理研究所）；Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University（查尔斯大学数学物理学院物理研究所）
A reduced cost equation of motion coupled cluster method for excited states based on state-specific natural orbitals: Theory, Implementation, Benchmark
This work is dedicated to the theoretical investigation of the influence of water clusters' organisation and size on the electronic spectrum of an interacting benzene (Bz) molecule using both TD-DFT and CASPT2 approaches. Two series of geometries, namely $Geo_{IEI}$ and $Geo_{IED}$ were extracted from two Bz-hexagonal ice configurations leading to maximum and minimum ionization energies respectively. An appropriate basis set containing atomic diffuse and polarisation orbitals and describing the Rydberg states of Bz was determined. The TD-DFT approach was carefully benchmarked against CASPT2 re…
An array of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice (Mott insulator) excited to a state where single electron wave-functions spatially overlap would represent a new and ideal platform to simulate exotic electronic many-body phenomena in the condensed phase. However, this highly excited non-equilibrium system is expected to be so short-lived that it has eluded observation so far. Here, we demonstrate the first step toward its realization by exciting high-lying electronic (Rydberg) states of the atomic Mott insulator with a coherent ultrashort laser pulse. Beyond a threshold principal quantum numb…
Orbital-optimized density functional calculations of excited electronic states: Recent advances and perspectives
Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland（冰岛大学物理科学学院科学研究所）；Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste（的里雅斯特大学化学与制药科学学院）
