皮层内轴突的传导速度随距离增加而增长：对计算的启示
Conduction velocity of intracortical axons in monkey primary visual cortex grows with distance: implications for computation
AI总结：
研究发现皮层内轴突的传导速度随距离线性增加，足以传递上下文信息，挑战了传统观点。
摘要：
构建全局场景属性是早期视觉皮层神经元活动的关键视觉计算，这些神经元具有小感受野。这种计算通过上下文影响实现，即神经元对视觉输入的响应受其经典感受野外的上下文输入影响。因此，神经元可以信号全球属性，如视觉显著性和图底关系。许多人认为皮层内轴突传导速度太慢，无法将其他神经元的感受野上下文信息传递过来。一种流行观点认为，大部分上下文影响来自更高视觉区域的反馈，这些区域的神经元具有更大的感受野。本文重新审视现有数据，揭示了意外发现：V1皮层内轴突的传导速度近似线性增加与传导距离有关，并且足够高，可以传递上下文影响。认识到皮层内贡献对关键视觉计算的重要性，将有助于回答长期存在的问题。
英文摘要：
A critical visual computation is to construct global scene properties from activities of early visual cortical neurons which have small receptive fields. Such a computation is enabled by contextual influences, through which a neuron's response to visual inputs is influenced by contextual inputs outside its classical receptive fields. Accordingly, neurons can signal global properties including visual saliencies and figure-ground relationships. Many believe that intracortical axons conduct signals too slowly to bring the contextual information from receptive fields of other neurons. A popular opinion is that much of the contextual influences arise from feedback from higher visual areas whose neurons have larger receptive fields. This paper re-examines pre-existing data to reveal these unexpected findings: the conduction speed of V1 intracortical axons increases approximately linearly with the conduction distance, and is sufficiently high for conveying the contextual influences. Recognizing the importance of intracortical contribution to critical visual computations should enable fresh progress in answering long-standing questions.
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