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arXiv 2510.15042cs.CVcs.LG

全面的语言-图像预训练用于3D医学图像理解

Comprehensive language-image pre-training for 3D medical image understanding

Microsoft(微软公司);German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)(德国癌症研究中心);Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust(剑桥大学放射科及剑桥大学医院国家健康服务体系基金会信托);Pattern Analysis and Learning Group, Heidelberg University Hospital(海德堡大学医院模式分析与学习组);Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic(梅奥诊所放射科)
Tassilo Wald, Ibrahim Ethem Hamamci, Yuan Gao, Sam Bond-Taylor, Harshita Sharma, Maximilian Ilse, Cynthia Lo, Olesya Melnichenko, Anton Schwaighofer, Noel C. F.… 展开作者

Tassilo Wald, Ibrahim Ethem Hamamci, Yuan Gao, Sam Bond-Taylor, Harshita Sharma, Maximilian Ilse, Cynthia Lo, Olesya Melnichenko, Anton Schwaighofer, Noel C. F. Codella, Maria Teodora Wetscherek, Klaus H. Maier-Hein, Panagiotis Korfiatis, Valentina Salvatelli, Javier Alvarez-Valle, Fernando Pérez-García

AI总结:

本文提出COLIPRI编码器,通过结合报告生成目标和视觉-only预训练,提升3D医学图像的语义理解和生成能力。

摘要:

视觉-语言预训练,即对配对文本进行图像对齐,是一种强大的范式,可以创建可以直接用于分类、检索和分割等任务的编码器。在3D医学图像领域,这些能力使视觉-语言编码器(VLEs)能够通过检索具有相似异常的患者、预测异常的可能性,或通过下游适应生成放射学报告来支持放射科医生。尽管该方法具有潜力,但数据可用性和领域特定的障碍限制了当前3D VLEs的能力。在本文中,我们通过注入额外的监督通过报告生成目标,并将视觉-语言与视觉-only预训练结合,克服了这些挑战。这使我们能够利用仅图像和配对图像-文本3D数据集,增加模型所接触的数据总量。通过这些额外的目标,结合3D医学影像领域的最佳实践,我们开发了全面的语言-图像预训练(COLIPRI)编码器家族。我们的COLIPRI编码器在报告生成、语义分割、分类探测和零样本分类任务上均取得了最先进的性能。模型可在https://huggingface.co/microsoft/colipri上获取。

英文摘要:

In the 3D medical image domain, vision-language pre-training is used to create vision-language encoders (VLEs) that can support radiologists by retrieving patients with similar abnormalities, predicting likelihoods of abnormality, or, with downstream adaptation, generating radiological reports. While the methodology holds promise, three challenges limit the capabilities of current 3D VLEs: data scarcity due to privacy concerns, high computational costs resulting from the volumetric nature of the images, and a domain shift between the long reports used for training and the short prompts used during inference for, e.g., zero-shot classification. As a consequence, natural-image VLE recipes do not directly transfer to 3D medical imaging. In this paper, we overcome these challenges by injecting additional supervision via a report generation objective and combining vision-language with vision-only pre-training, allowing us to leverage both image-only and paired image-text 3D datasets. Further, we propose a novel loss that addresses the domain shift between long reports and short textual prompts. Through these additional objectives, paired with best practices of the 3D medical imaging domain, we develop the Comprehensive Language-Image Pre-training (COLIPRI) encoder family. Our COLIPRI encoders achieve state-of-the-art performance in report generation, semantic segmentation, classification probing, and zero-shot classification. The model weights and inference code are freely available at https://huggingface.co/microsoft/colipri.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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