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在Carina、Phoenix和Telescopium中利用DELVE数据集3发现Ultra-Faint Milky Way卫星

Ultra-Faint Milky Way Satellites Discovered in Carina, Phoenix, and Telescopium with DELVE Data Release 3

Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago（芝加哥大学卡弗里宇宙物理研究所）；Department of Physics, University of Chicago（芝加哥大学物理系）；NSF-Simons AI Institute for the Sky (SkAI)（NSF-西蒙斯天空人工智能研究所）；Department of Astronomy, Yale University（耶鲁大学天文学系）；Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia（弗吉尼亚大学天文学系）；Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago（芝加哥大学天文与天体物理学系）
C. Y. Tan, W. Cerny, A. B. Pace, J. A. Sharp, K. Overdeck, A. Drlica-Wagner, J. D. Simon, B. Mutlu-Pakdil, D. J. Sand, A. M. Senkevich, D. Erkal, P. S. Ferguson… 展开作者

C. Y. Tan, W. Cerny, A. B. Pace, J. A. Sharp, K. Overdeck, A. Drlica-Wagner, J. D. Simon, B. Mutlu-Pakdil, D. J. Sand, A. M. Senkevich, D. Erkal, P. S. Ferguson, F. Sobreira, K. R. Atzberger, J. L. Carlin, A. Chiti, D. Crnojević, A. P. Ji, L. C. Johnson, T. S. Li, G. Limberg, C. E. Martínez-Vázquez, G. E. Medina, V. M. Placco, A. H. Riley, E. J. Tollerud, A. K. Vivas, T. M. C. Abbott, M. Aguena, O. Alves, D. Bacon, S. Bocquet, D. Brooks, D. L. Burke, R. Camilleri, J. A. Carballo-Bello, A. Carnero Rosell, J. Carretero, T. -Y. Cheng, Y. Choi, L. N. da Costa, M. E. da Silva Pereira, T. M. Davis, J. De Vicente, S. Desai, P. Doel, S. Everett, B. Flaugher, J. Frieman, J. García-Bellido, D. Gruen, G. Gutierrez, S. R. Hinton, D. L. Hollowood, D. J. James, K. Kuehn, S. Lee, J. L. Marshall, J. Mena-Fernández, F. Menanteau, R. Miquel, J. Myles, M. Navabi, D. L. Nidever, N. E. D. Noël, R. L. C. Ogando, A. A. Plazas Malagón, A. Porredon, S. Samuroff, E. Sanchez, D. Sanchez Cid, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, M. Smith, G. S. Stringfellow, E. Suchyta, M. E. C. Swanson, V. Vikram, A. R. Walker, A. Zenteno

备注：
22 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables; This version: accepted to ApJ
发表信息：
ApJ 1000, 46 (2026)
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AI总结：

利用DELVE数据集3发现三个极暗弱的银河卫星，其中Carina IV和Phoenix III符合矮星系特征，而DELVE 7可能为星团，需进一步光谱观测确认。

摘要：

我们报告了在DECam局部体积探索调查（DELVE）第三数据集中的三个银河卫星候选者：Carina IV、Phoenix III和DELVE 7。这些候选系统通过两种独立搜索算法的结果交叉匹配来识别。所有三个系统都是由古老、金属贫乏的恒星群体组成（τ>10十亿年，[Fe/H] < -1.4）。Carina IV（M_V = -2.8；r₁/₂ = 40 pc）和Phoenix III（M_V = -1.2；r₁/₂ = 19 pc）的半光半径与已知的矮星系群体一致，而DELVE 7（M_V = 1.2；r₁/₂ = 2 pc）非常致密，似乎更可能是一个星团，但其性质在没有光谱后续观测的情况下仍存疑问。Carina IV中的恒星的Gaia自行运动表明它不太可能与大麦哲伦星云相关联，而DECam CaHK光度学确认其成员恒星是金属贫乏的。Phoenix III（M* = 520±660_-290 M☉）是已知最暗的卫星，位于极端外恒星晕（D_GC > 100 kpc），而DELVE 7（M* = 60±120_-40 M☉）是已知最暗的卫星，具有D_GC > 20 kpc。

英文摘要：

We report the discovery of three Milky Way satellite candidates: Carina IV, Phoenix III, and DELVE 7, in the third data release of the DECam Local Volume Exploration survey (DELVE). The candidate systems were identified by cross-matching results from two independent search algorithms. All three are extremely faint systems composed of old, metal-poor stellar populations ($τ\gtrsim 10$ Gyr, [Fe/H] $ \lesssim -1.4$). Carina IV ($M_V = -2.8;\ r_{1/2} = 40 {\rm pc}$) and Phoenix III ($M_V = -1.2;\ r_{1/2} = 19 {\rm pc}$) have half-light radii that are consistent with the known population of dwarf galaxies, while DELVE 7 ($M_V = 1.2;\ r_{1/2} = 2 {\rm pc}$) is very compact and seems more likely to be a star cluster, though its nature remains ambiguous without spectroscopic followup. The Gaia proper motions of stars in Carina IV ($M_* = 2250^{+1180}_{-830} {\rm M_\odot}$) indicate that it is unlikely to be associated with the LMC, while DECam CaHK photometry confirms that its member stars are metal-poor. Phoenix III ($M_* = 520^{+660}_{-290} {\rm M_\odot}$) is the faintest known satellite in the extreme outer stellar halo ($D_{\rm GC} > 100$ kpc), while DELVE 7 ($M_* = 60^{+120}_{-40} {\rm M_\odot}$) is the faintest known satellite with $D_{\rm GC} > 20$ kpc.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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