利用色度协方差校正地基测光分光中的闪烁噪声
Using chromatic covariance to correct for scintillation noise in ground-based spectrophotometry
AI总结：
本文针对地基测光分光中大气闪烁噪声降低精度的问题，推导了大型望远镜上恒星闪烁色度协方差的分析解，并开发了一种利用该协方差去除闪烁噪声、生成受泊松噪声限制的光变曲线的方法，其有效性将通过新型高精度光谱仪的实地观测验证。
摘要：
大气闪烁是地基测光分光中最大的误差来源之一，它将从明亮天体时间序列中提取的天体物理信号的精度降低到与暗弱天体相当。相对于基本的泊松噪声，使用更大的望远镜观测并不能有效减少闪烁，因此需要替代方案来最大化大型望远镜的测光分光精度。如果已知闪烁的色度协方差，就可以利用它来降低测光分光中的闪烁噪声。本文推导了在光学/近红外波长下，给定大气湍流廓线、风速、风向和大气质量时，大型望远镜上恒星闪烁色度协方差的分析解。为了演示如何分离闪烁噪声，模拟了受闪烁噪声限制的系外行星凌星光谱观测。随后，开发了一种去除闪烁噪声并生成受泊松噪声限制的光变曲线的流程。该技术的有效性和局限性将通过一台新型、高测光分光精度、低分辨率光谱仪的实地观测进行测试。
英文摘要：
Atmospheric scintillation is one of the largest sources of error in ground-based spectrophotometry, reducing the precision of astrophysical signals extracted from the time-series of bright objects to that of much fainter objects. Relative to the fundamental Poisson noise, scintillation is not effectively reduced by observing with larger telescopes, and alternative solutions are needed to maximize the spectrophotometric precision of large telescopes. If the chromatic covariance of the scintillation is known, it can be used to reduce the scintillation noise in spectrophotometry. This paper derives analytical solutions for the chromatic covariance of stellar scintillation on a large telescope for a given atmospheric turbulence profile, wind speed, wind direction, and airmass at optical/near-infrared wavelengths. To demonstrate how scintillation noise is isolated, scintillation-limited exoplanet transit spectroscopy is simulated. Then, a procedure is developed to remove scintillation noise and produce Poisson-noise limited light curves. The efficacy and limits of this technique will be tested with on sky observations of a new, high spectrophotometric precision, low resolution spectrograph.
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