兆瓦级信息物理系统：电池控制对电网频率稳定性的影响
Cyber-Physical Systems on the Megawatt Scale: The impact of battery control on grid frequency stability
AI总结：
本文揭示了电池储能系统能量管理系统中的一种持续一分钟振荡模式，对全球电网频率稳定性构成新兴风险，并指出修改电池控制算法可缓解此问题。
摘要：
电力系统正在经历根本性变革。向基于逆变器的发电方式转变挑战了频率稳定性，而日益增长的数字化则加剧了系统对错误和攻击的脆弱性。在此，我们识别出一种处于信息物理耦合与控制系统设计交叉点的新兴风险。我们发现，全球电网频率时间序列呈现出一种持续的一分钟振荡模式，其起源在很大程度上一直未得到解释。我们将这一模式追溯到电池储能系统的能量管理系统，并证明该模式的振幅在北欧和英国电网中已显著增加。我们认为，这种效应对于低惯量以及电池和智能设备渗透率不断提高的未来电网的稳定性是一种潜在负担，尽管可以通过修改电池控制算法来缓解。
英文摘要：
Electric power systems are undergoing fundamental change. The shift to inverter-based generation challenges frequency stability, while growing digitalisation heightens vulnerability to errors and attacks. Here we identify an emerging risk at the intersection of cyber-physical coupling and control system design. We show that grid frequency time series worldwide exhibit a persistent one-minute oscillatory pattern, whose origin has remained largely unexplained. We trace this pattern back to the energy management systems of battery electric storage systems and demonstrate that the pattern amplitude has increased substantially in the Nordic and British grids. We argue that this effect is a potential burden for stability in future grids with low inertia and an increasing penetration with batteries and smart devices, though it can be mitigated by a revision of battery control algorithms.
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