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arXiv 2510.09329cs.CV
实例感知鲁棒一致性正则化用于半监督细胞核实例分割
Instance-Aware Robust Consistency Regularization for Semi-Supervised Nuclei Instance Segmentation
School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China(自动化科学与工程学院,华南理工大学,广州510641,中国);Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China(乳腺甲状腺外科,南方大学第二附属医院,湖南衡阳421001,中国);School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China(人工智能与自动化学院,华中科技大学,武汉430074,中国);School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China(信息学院,厦门大学,厦门361005,中国);Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510335, China(琶洲实验室,广州510335,中国);School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China(未来技术学院,华南理工大学,广州510641,中国)
Nuclei instance segmentation in pathological images is crucial for downstream tasks such as tumor microenvironment analysis. However, the high cost and scarcity of annotated data limit the applicability of fully supervised methods, while existing semi-supervised methods fail to adequately regularize consistency at the instance level, lack leverage of the inherent prior knowledge of pathological structures, and are prone to introducing noisy pseudo-labels during training. In this paper, we propose an Instance-Aware Robust Consistency Regularization Network (IRCR-Net) for accurate instance-level nuclei segmentation. Specifically, we introduce the Matching-Driven Instance-Aware Consistency (MIAC) and Prior-Driven Instance-Aware Consistency (PIAC) mechanisms to refine the nuclei instance segmentation result of the teacher and student subnetwork, particularly for densely distributed and overlapping nuclei. We incorporate morphological prior knowledge of nuclei in pathological images and utilize these priors to assess the quality of pseudo-labels generated from unlabeled data. Low-quality pseudo-labels are discarded, while high-quality predictions are enhanced to reduce pseudo-label noise and benefit the network's robust training. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances semi-supervised nuclei instance segmentation performance across multiple public datasets compared to existing approaches, even surpassing fully supervised methods in some scenarios.
Univ. Bordeaux(波尔多大学);Bordeaux INP(波尔多国立高等综合理工学院);CNRS(法国国家科学研究中心);LaBRI(波尔多计算机科学实验室);IMB(波尔多数学研究所);ITACA(信息与通信技术应用研究所);Universitat Politècnica de València(瓦伦西亚理工大学)
Semi-supervised learning (SSL) uses unlabeled data to compensate for the scarcity of annotated images and the lack of method generalization to unseen domains, two usual problems in medical segmentation tasks. In this work, we propose POPCORN, a novel method combining consistency regularization and pseudo-labeling designed for image segmentation. The proposed framework uses high-level regularization to constrain our segmentation model to use similar latent features for images with similar segmentations. POPCORN estimates a proximity graph to select data from easiest ones to more difficult ones,…
Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) aims to adapt existing models of the source domain to a new target domain with only unlabeled data. Most existing methods suffer from noticeable negative transfer resulting from either the error-prone discriminator network or the unreasonable teacher model. Besides, the local regional consistency in UDA has been largely neglected, and only extracting the global-level pattern information is not powerful enough for feature alignment due to the abuse use of contexts. To this end, we propose an uncertainty-aware consistency regularization method for cross-domai…
Video semantic segmentation is an essential task for the analysis and understanding of videos. Recent efforts largely focus on supervised video segmentation by learning from fully annotated data, but the learnt models often experience clear performance drop while applied to videos of a different domain. This paper presents DA-VSN, a domain adaptive video segmentation network that addresses domain gaps in videos by temporal consistency regularization (TCR) for consecutive frames of target-domain videos. DA-VSN consists of two novel and complementary designs. The first is cross-domain TCR that g…
Jilin University(吉林大学);Baidu Research(百度研究院);National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Learning Technology and Application(深度学习技术及应用国家工程实验室)
Current semi-supervised semantic segmentation methods mainly focus on designing pixel-level consistency and contrastive regularization. However, pixel-level regularization is sensitive to noise from pixels with incorrect predictions, and pixel-level contrastive regularization has memory and computational cost with O(pixel_num^2). To address the issues, we propose a novel region-level contrastive and consistency learning framework (RC^2L) for semi-supervised semantic segmentation. Specifically, we first propose a Region Mask Contrastive (RMC) loss and a Region Feature Contrastive (RFC) loss to …
Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) for semantic segmentation has been well-studied in recent years. However, most existing works largely neglect the local regional consistency across different domains and are less robust to changes in outdoor environments. In this paper, we propose a novel and fully end-to-end trainable approach, called regional contrastive consistency regularization (RCCR) for domain adaptive semantic segmentation. Our core idea is to pull the similar regional features extracted from the same location of different images, i.e., the original image and augmented image, to be …
University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校);Snap Inc.(Snap公司)
Concept shift is a prevailing problem in natural tasks like medical image segmentation where samples usually come from different subpopulations with variant correlations between features and labels. One common type of concept shift in medical image segmentation is the "information imbalance" between label-sparse samples with few (if any) segmentation labels and label-dense samples with plentiful labeled pixels. Existing distributionally robust algorithms have focused on adaptively truncating/down-weighting the "less informative" (i.e., label-sparse in our context) samples. To exploit data feat…
The University of Adelaide(阿德莱德大学);Australian Institute for Machine Learning(澳大利亚机器学习研究所);Northeastern University(东北大学);Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab(华为诺亚方舟实验室)
Semi-supervised semantic segmentation requires the model to effectively propagate the label information from limited annotated images to unlabeled ones. A challenge for such a per-pixel prediction task is the large intra-class variation, i.e., regions belonging to the same class may exhibit a very different appearance even in the same picture. This diversity will make the label propagation hard from pixels to pixels. To address this problem, we propose a novel approach to regularize the distribution of within-class features to ease label propagation difficulty. Specifically, our approach encou…
Northwestern Polytechnical University(西北工业大学);National University of Singapore(新加坡国立大学);ByteDance Inc.(字节跳动公司);University of Adelaide(阿德莱德大学)
Open-World Instance Segmentation (OWIS) is an emerging research topic that aims to segment class-agnostic object instances from images. The mainstream approaches use a two-stage segmentation framework, which first locates the candidate object bounding boxes and then performs instance segmentation. In this work, we instead promote a single-stage framework for OWIS. We argue that the end-to-end training process in the single-stage framework can be more convenient for directly regularizing the localization of class-agnostic object pixels. Based on the single-stage instance segmentation framework,…
Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University(清华大学深圳国际研究生院);Tencent AI Lab(腾讯人工智能实验室);The Chinese University of Hong Kong(香港中文大学)
College of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China(中国民航大学安全科学与工程学院);College of Computer Science and Technology, Civil Aviation University of China(中国民航大学计算机科学与技术学院);North China Electric Power University(华北电力大学)
School of Computer Science Engineering(计算机科学与工程学院);Nanyang Technological University(南洋理工大学)
Panoptic segmentation unifies semantic segmentation and instance segmentation which has been attracting increasing attention in recent years. However, most existing research was conducted under a supervised learning setup whereas unsupervised domain adaptive panoptic segmentation which is critical in different tasks and applications is largely neglected. We design a domain adaptive panoptic segmentation network that exploits inter-style consistency and inter-task regularization for optimal domain adaptive panoptic segmentation. The inter-style consistency leverages geometric invariance across …
SemiSAM: Enhancing Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation via SAM-Assisted Consistency Regularization
Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Incubation Institute, Fudan University(复旦大学人工智能创新与孵化研究院);Shanghai Academy of Artificial Intelligence for Science(上海人工智能科学研究院)
Institute of Advanced Research in Artificial Intelligence(高级人工智能研究所);Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf(亥姆霍兹德累斯顿罗森多夫研究中心);Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology(亥姆霍兹弗赖贝格资源技术研究所)
Deep learning algorithms have obtained great success in semantic segmentation of very high-resolution (VHR) images. Nevertheless, training these models generally requires a large amount of accurate pixel-wise annotations, which is very laborious and time-consuming to collect. To reduce the annotation burden, this paper proposes a consistency-regularized region-growing network (CRGNet) to achieve semantic segmentation of VHR images with point-level annotations. The key idea of CRGNet is to iteratively select unlabeled pixels with high confidence to expand the annotated area from the original sp…
HisynSeg: Weakly-Supervised Histopathological Image Segmentation via Image-Mixing Synthesis and Consistency Regularization
Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University(清华大学深圳国际研究生院);School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)(哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)理学院);School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)(哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)计算机科学与技术学院)
Remote-sensing (RS) Change Detection (CD) aims to detect "changes of interest" from co-registered bi-temporal images. The performance of existing deep supervised CD methods is attributed to the large amounts of annotated data used to train the networks. However, annotating large amounts of remote sensing images is labor-intensive and expensive, particularly with bi-temporal images, as it requires pixel-wise comparisons by a human expert. On the other hand, we often have access to unlimited unlabeled multi-temporal RS imagery thanks to ever-increasing earth observation programs. In this paper, …
Max Planck Institute for Informatics(马克斯·普朗克信息学研究所)
Consistency regularization is one of the most widely-used techniques for semi-supervised learning (SSL). Generally, the aim is to train a model that is invariant to various data augmentations. In this paper, we revisit this idea and find that enforcing invariance by decreasing distances between features from differently augmented images leads to improved performance. However, encouraging equivariance instead, by increasing the feature distance, further improves performance. To this end, we propose an improved consistency regularization framework by a simple yet effective technique, FeatDistLos…
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学);Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院自动化研究所);CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology(中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心)
While recent studies on pedestrian attribute recognition have shown remarkable progress in leveraging complicated networks and attention mechanisms, most of them neglect the inter-image relations and an important prior: spatial consistency and semantic consistency of attributes under surveillance scenarios. The spatial locations of the same attribute should be consistent between different pedestrian images, \eg, the ``hat" attribute and the ``boots" attribute are always located at the top and bottom of the picture respectively. In addition, the inherent semantic feature of the ``hat" attribute…
Self-supervised learning has shown great potentials in improving the deep learning model in an unsupervised manner by constructing surrogate supervision signals directly from the unlabeled data. Different from existing works, we present a novel way to obtain the surrogate supervision signal based on high-level feature maps under consistency regularization. In this paper, we propose a Spatio-Temporal Consistency Regularization between different output features generated from a siamese network including a clean path fed with original video and a noise path fed with the corresponding augmented vi…
Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR(A*STAR高性能计算研究所);Centre for Frontier AI Research, A*STAR(A*STAR前沿人工智能研究中心)
Collection of real world annotations for training semantic segmentation models is an expensive process. Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) tries to solve this problem by studying how more accessible data such as synthetic data can be used to train and adapt models to real world images without requiring their annotations. Recent UDA methods applies self-learning by training on pixel-wise classification loss using a student and teacher network. In this paper, we propose the addition of a consistency regularization term to semi-supervised UDA by modelling the inter-pixel relationship between el…
PairDropGS: Paired Dropout-Induced Consistency Regularization for Sparse-View Gaussian Splatting
School of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China(哈尔滨工业大学深圳校区计算机科学学院,中国);Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China(鹏城实验室,中国);Smart Coding Institute, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China(鹏城实验室智能编码研究所,中国);School of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China(哈尔滨工业大学计算机科学学院,中国)
Scarcity of labeled data has motivated the development of semi-supervised learning methods, which learn from large portions of unlabeled data alongside a few labeled samples. Consistency Regularization between model's predictions under different input perturbations, particularly has shown to provide state-of-the art results in a semi-supervised framework. However, most of these method have been limited to classification and segmentation applications. We propose Transformation Consistency Regularization, which delves into a more challenging setting of image-to-image translation, which remains u…
Korea University(高丽大学);NAVER AI Lab(NAVER人工智能实验室);Samsung Electro-Mechanics(三星电机)
We present a novel semi-supervised learning framework that intelligently leverages the consistency regularization between the model's predictions from two strongly-augmented views of an image, weighted by a confidence of pseudo-label, dubbed ConMatch. While the latest semi-supervised learning methods use weakly- and strongly-augmented views of an image to define a directional consistency loss, how to define such direction for the consistency regularization between two strongly-augmented views remains unexplored. To account for this, we present novel confidence measures for pseudo-labels from s…
The University of Tokyo(东京大学);National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)(产业技术综合研究所);Tokyo Institute of Technology(东京工业大学)
Unpaired image-to-image (I2I) translation has received considerable attention in pattern recognition and computer vision because of recent advancements in generative adversarial networks (GANs). However, due to the lack of explicit supervision, unpaired I2I models often fail to generate realistic images, especially in challenging datasets with different backgrounds and poses. Hence, stabilization is indispensable for GANs and applications of I2I translation. Herein, we propose Augmented Cyclic Consistency Regularization (ACCR), a novel regularization method for unpaired I2I translation. Our ma…
Unsupervised domain adaptation for semantic segmentation has been intensively studied due to the low cost of the pixel-level annotation for synthetic data. The most common approaches try to generate images or features mimicking the distribution in the target domain while preserving the semantic contents in the source domain so that a model can be trained with annotations from the latter. However, such methods highly rely on an image translator or feature extractor trained in an elaborated mechanism including adversarial training, which brings in extra complexity and instability in the adaptati…
Korea University(高丽大学);University of Bologna(博洛尼亚大学)
We propose MaskingDepth, a novel semi-supervised learning framework for monocular depth estimation to mitigate the reliance on large ground-truth depth quantities. MaskingDepth is designed to enforce consistency between the strongly-augmented unlabeled data and the pseudo-labels derived from weakly-augmented unlabeled data, which enables learning depth without supervision. In this framework, a novel data augmentation is proposed to take the advantage of a naive masking strategy as an augmentation, while avoiding its scale ambiguity problem between depths from weakly- and strongly-augmented bra…
Multi-Source Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (multi-source UDA) aims to learn a model from several labeled source domains while performing well on a different target domain where only unlabeled data are available at training time. To align source and target features distributions, several recent works use source and target explicit statistics matching such as features moments or class centroids. Yet, these approaches do not guarantee class conditional distributions alignment across domains. In this work, we propose a new framework called Contrastive Multi-Source Domain Adaptation (CMSDA) for mu…
Nanyang Technological University(南洋理工大学);Sensetime Research(商汤科技研究院);University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(电子科技大学)
Deep learning-based multi-source unsupervised domain adaptation (MUDA) has been actively studied in recent years. Compared with single-source unsupervised domain adaptation (SUDA), domain shift in MUDA exists not only between the source and target domains but also among multiple source domains. Most existing MUDA algorithms focus on extracting domain-invariant representations among all domains whereas the task-specific decision boundaries among classes are largely neglected. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end trainable network that exploits domain Consistency Regularization for unsupervis…
Boston University(波士顿大学);MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab(MIT-IBM沃森人工智能实验室)
Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is an effective means to leverage unlabeled data to improve a model's performance. Typical SSL methods like FixMatch assume that labeled and unlabeled data share the same label space. However, in practice, unlabeled data can contain categories unseen in the labeled set, i.e., outliers, which can significantly harm the performance of SSL algorithms. To address this problem, we propose a novel Open-set Semi-Supervised Learning (OSSL) approach called OpenMatch. Learning representations of inliers while rejecting outliers is essential for the success of OSSL. To this…
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) based semi-supervised learning (SSL) approaches are shown to improve classification performance by utilizing a large number of unlabeled samples in conjunction with limited labeled samples. However, their performance still lags behind the state-of-the-art non-GAN based SSL approaches. We identify that the main reason for this is the lack of consistency in class probability predictions on the same image under local perturbations. Following the general literature, we address this issue via label consistency regularization, which enforces the class probabili…
Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has played an important role in leveraging unlabeled data when labeled data is limited. One of the most successful SSL approaches is based on consistency regularization, which encourages the model to produce unchanged with perturbed input. However, there has been less attention spent on inputs that have the same label. Motivated by the observation that the inputs having the same label should have the similar model outputs, we propose a novel method, RankingMatch, that considers not only the perturbed inputs but also the similarity among the inputs having the same…
Kuaishou Technology(快手科技);University of Oulu(奥卢大学);Communication University of China(中国传媒大学);Academy of Sciences, Mininglamp Technology(明略科技集团科学院);CBSR&NLPR, CASIA(中国科学院自动化研究所);Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology(拉彭兰塔-拉赫蒂理工大学)
Face anti-spoofing (FAS) plays a crucial role in securing face recognition systems. Empirically, given an image, a model with more consistent output on different views of this image usually performs better, as shown in Fig.1. Motivated by this exciting observation, we conjecture that encouraging feature consistency of different views may be a promising way to boost FAS models. In this paper, we explore this way thoroughly by enhancing both Embedding-level and Prediction-level Consistency Regularization (EPCR) in FAS. Specifically, at the embedding-level, we design a dense similarity loss to ma…
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are known to be difficult to train, despite considerable research effort. Several regularization techniques for stabilizing training have been proposed, but they introduce non-trivial computational overheads and interact poorly with existing techniques like spectral normalization. In this work, we propose a simple, effective training stabilizer based on the notion of consistency regularization---a popular technique in the semi-supervised learning literature. In particular, we augment data passing into the GAN discriminator and penalize the sensitivity of …
Benchmarking Attention Mechanisms and Consistency Regularization Semi-Supervised Learning for Post-Flood Building Damage Assessment in Satellite Images
CyclePose -- Leveraging Cycle-Consistency for Annotation-Free Nuclei Segmentation in Fluorescence Microscopy
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU)(弗里德里希-亚历山大-埃尔朗根-纽伦堡大学(FAU));Universität Würzburg(维尔茨堡大学);Center for AI and Data Science (CAIDAS)(人工智能与数据科学中心(CAIDAS))
We propose an approach for dense semantic 3D reconstruction which uses a data term that is defined as potentials over viewing rays, combined with continuous surface area penalization. Our formulation is a convex relaxation which we augment with a crucial non-convex constraint that ensures exact handling of visibility. To tackle the non-convex minimization problem, we propose a majorize-minimize type strategy which converges to a critical point. We demonstrate the benefits of using the non-convex constraint experimentally. For the geometry-only case, we set a new state of the art on two dataset…
City University of Hong Kong(香港城市大学);The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(香港理工大学);Southern University of Science and Technology(南方科技大学)
Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML) and its variants are popular few-shot classification methods. They train an initializer across a variety of sampled learning tasks (also known as episodes) such that the initialized model can adapt quickly to new tasks. However, current MAML-based algorithms have limitations in forming generalizable decision boundaries. In this paper, we propose an approach called MetaMix. It generates virtual feature-target pairs within each episode to regularize the backbone models. MetaMix can be integrated with any of the MAML-based algorithms and learn the decision boun…
Consistency regularization is a commonly-used technique for semi-supervised and self-supervised learning. It is an auxiliary objective function that encourages the prediction of the network to be similar in the vicinity of the observed training samples. Hendrycks et al. (2020) have recently shown such regularization naturally brings test-time robustness to corrupted data and helps with calibration. This paper empirically studies the relevance of consistency regularization for training-time robustness to noisy labels. First, we make two interesting and useful observations regarding the consiste…
Adversarial training (AT) has proven to be one of the most effective ways to defend Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) against adversarial attacks. However, the phenomenon of robust overfitting, i.e., the robustness will drop sharply at a certain stage, always exists during AT. It is of great importance to decrease this robust generalization gap in order to obtain a robust model. In this paper, we present an in-depth study towards the robust overfitting from a new angle. We observe that consistency regularization, a popular technique in semi-supervised learning, has a similar goal as AT and can be us…
Baidu Research(百度研究院);University of Oregon(俄勒冈大学);University of Macau(澳门大学)
While recent studies on semi-supervised learning have shown remarkable progress in leveraging both labeled and unlabeled data, most of them presume a basic setting of the model is randomly initialized. In this work, we consider semi-supervised learning and transfer learning jointly, leading to a more practical and competitive paradigm that can utilize both powerful pre-trained models from source domain as well as labeled/unlabeled data in the target domain. To better exploit the value of both pre-trained weights and unlabeled target examples, we introduce adaptive consistency regularization th…
Nanjing University of Science and Technology(南京理工大学);Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院自动化研究所);National University of Singapore(新加坡国立大学);Queen Mary University of London(伦敦玛丽女王大学)
Person Re-Identification (ReID) matches pedestrians across disjoint cameras. Existing ReID methods adopting real-value feature descriptors have achieved high accuracy, but they are low in efficiency due to the slow Euclidean distance computation as well as complex quick-sort algorithms. Recently, some works propose to yield binary encoded person descriptors which instead only require fast Hamming distance computation and simple counting-sort algorithms. However, the performances of such binary encoded descriptors, especially with short code (e.g., 32 and 64 bits), are hardly satisfactory given…
The Chinese University of Hong Kong(香港中文大学);Brigham and Women’s Hospital(布莱根妇女医院);Harvard Medical School(哈佛医学院);Tencent Jarvis Lab(腾讯医疗健康(深圳)有限公司(腾讯医疗AI实验室/腾讯天衍实验室));Tsinghua University(清华大学);Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University(清华大学深圳国际研究生院)
In order to tackle the difficulty associated with the ill-posed nature of the image registration problem, regularization is often used to constrain the solution space. For most learning-based registration approaches, the regularization usually has a fixed weight and only constrains the spatial transformation. Such convention has two limitations: (i) Besides the laborious grid search for the optimal fixed weight, the regularization strength of a specific image pair should be associated with the content of the images, thus the "one value fits all" training scheme is not ideal; (ii) Only spatiall…
OPPO Research Institute(OPPO研究院);Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学)
Knowledge distillation (KD) shows a bright promise as a powerful regularization strategy to boost generalization ability by leveraging learned sample-level soft targets. Yet, employing a complex pre-trained teacher network or an ensemble of peer students in existing KD is both time-consuming and computationally costly. Various self KD methods have been proposed to achieve higher distillation efficiency. However, they either require extra network architecture modification or are difficult to parallelize. To cope with these challenges, we propose an efficient and reliable self-distillation frame…
Recently, temporal action localization (TAL), i.e., finding specific action segments in untrimmed videos, has attracted increasing attentions of the computer vision community. State-of-the-art solutions for TAL involves evaluating the frame-level probabilities of three action-indicating phases, i.e. starting, continuing, and ending; and then post-processing these predictions for the final localization. This paper delves deep into this mechanism, and argues that existing methods, by modeling these phases as individual classification tasks, ignored the potential temporal constraints between them…
The scarcity of pixel-level annotation is a prevalent problem in medical image segmentation tasks. In this paper, we introduce a novel regularization strategy involving interpolation-based mixing for semi-supervised medical image segmentation. The proposed method is a new consistency regularization strategy that encourages segmentation of interpolation of two unlabelled data to be consistent with the interpolation of segmentation maps of those data. This method represents a specific type of data-adaptive regularization paradigm which aids to minimize the overfitting of labelled data under high…