基于荧光编码的高效射频传感
Efficient Radiofrequency Sensing with Fluorescence Encoding
AI总结：
研究提出荧光编码方法，以规避光学活性自旋量子比特相干时间限制。基于金刚石氮空位中心展示了对多频率交流磁场的高灵敏度及相关特性，能单次测量获完整光谱信息，可用于多种传感领域，还适用于多种光学活性自旋量子比特。
摘要：
光学活性自旋量子比特已成为强大的量子传感器，能进行纳米级磁力测量，但传统相干传感方法受传感器相干时间限制，通常无法在亚兆赫兹范围检测。我们提出一种广泛适用的荧光编码方法，通过将时变磁场直接转换为调制荧光信号来规避相干时间限制。以金刚石中的氮空位中心为模型系统，展示了对从近直流到兆赫兹频率的交流磁场的散粒噪声限制灵敏度，检测带宽可通过光激发功率调节。该技术在单次测量中捕获完整光谱信息，无需逐点频率扫描，还能进行具有赫兹级分辨率的相敏多频检测。此方法将量子传感器转变为原子尺度光谱分析仪，可用于低频射频通信、零场核磁共振和生物电子传感等。该方法广泛适用于包括分子系统和荧光蛋白在内的光学活性自旋量子比特，开辟了相干技术以前无法进入的新传感领域。
英文摘要：
Optically-active spin qubits have emerged as powerful quantum sensors capable of nanoscale magnetometry, yet conventional coherent sensing approaches are ultimately limited by the coherence time of the sensor, typically precluding detection in the sub-MHz regime. We present a broadly applicable fluorescence-encoding method that circumvents coherence-time constraints by transducing time-varying magnetic fields directly into modulated fluorescence signals. Using nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond as a model system, we demonstrate shot-noise-limited sensitivity for AC magnetic fields spanning near-DC to MHz frequencies, with detection bandwidth tunable via optical excitation power. The technique captures complete spectral information in a single measurement, eliminating the need for point-by-point frequency scanning, and allows phase-sensitive multi-frequency detection with Hz-level resolution. This approach transforms quantum sensors into atomic-scale spectrum analyzers, with immediate applications for low-frequency RF communication, zero-field NMR, and bioelectronic sensing. Our approach is broadly applicable to the expanding class of optically-active spin qubits, including molecular systems and fluorescent proteins, opening new sensing regimes previously inaccessible to coherent techniques
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