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arXiv 2510.06554q-bio.QM
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UniOTalign:通过最优传输实现蛋白质比对的全局匹配框架

UniOTalign: A Global Matching Framework for Protein Alignment via Optimal Transport

Yue Hu, Zanxia Cao, Yingchao Liu

AI总结:

UniOTalign利用最优传输的全局匹配框架,通过融合非平衡Gromov-Wasserstein距离,实现蛋白质序列的比对,有效处理非顺序相似性,超越了传统动态规划方法。

摘要:

蛋白质序列比对是生物信息学的基石,传统上采用动态规划(DP)算法来寻找最优的序列路径。本文介绍了UniOTalign,一个新颖的框架,它从一个根本不同的视角重新定义了比对:通过最优传输(OT)进行全局匹配。UniOTalign不是寻找路径,而是计算两个蛋白质之间的最优流或传输计划,这两个蛋白质被表示为高维特征空间中残基的分布。我们利用预训练的蛋白质语言模型(PLMs)为每个残基生成丰富的、上下文感知的嵌入。我们方法的核心是融合非平衡Gromov-Wasserstein(FUGW)距离,它找到一种对应关系,同时最小化特征差异并保持序列的内部几何结构。这种方法自然地处理不同长度的序列,并且对于比对具有非顺序相似性的蛋白质特别有效,例如结构域重排或环状排列,这些对传统DP方法来说具有挑战性。因此,UniOTalign为蛋白质比对提供了一种新的、数学上严谨的全局匹配范式,超越了寻路算法的局限性。

英文摘要:

Protein sequence alignment is a cornerstone of bioinformatics, traditionally approached using dynamic programming (DP) algorithms that find an optimal sequential path. This paper introduces UniOTalign, a novel framework that recasts alignment from a fundamentally different perspective: global matching via Optimal Transport (OT). Instead of finding a path, UniOTalign computes an optimal flow or transport plan between two proteins, which are represented as distributions of residues in a high-dimensional feature space. We leverage pre-trained Protein Language Models (PLMs) to generate rich, context-aware embeddings for each residue. The core of our method is the Fused Unbalanced Gromov-Wasserstein (FUGW) distance, which finds a correspondence that simultaneously minimizes feature dissimilarity and preserves the internal geometric structure of the sequences. This approach naturally handles sequences of different lengths and is particularly powerful for aligning proteins with nonsequential similarities, such as domain shuffling or circular permutations, which are challenging for traditional DP methods. UniOTalign therefore offers a new, mathematically principled, global matching paradigm for protein alignment, moving beyond the limitations of path-finding algorithms.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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