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arXiv 2510.04086physics.optics
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短于原子时间单位的19.2阿秒软X射线脉冲的优异光源

Brilliant source of 19.2 attosecond soft X-ray pulses below the atomic unit of time

Fernando Ardana-Lamas, Seth L. Cousin, Juliette Lignieres, Jens Biegert

AI总结:

本研究针对软X射线水窗孤立阿秒脉冲产生与表征的难题,制备出19.2阿秒、短于原子时间单位的软X射线脉冲,具备创纪录光子通量,为超快电子动力学等研究提供新工具并树立台式阿秒技术新基准。

摘要:

电子关联发生在阿秒时间尺度上,决定着化学键的形成、能量的流动以及材料对光的响应。捕捉这类多体过程需要持续时间与之相近的光脉冲。软X射线水窗至关重要,因为它涵盖了碳、氮、氧的主要吸收边,而这些元素是化学、生物学和材料科学的基础。然而,产生并表征能进入软X射线水窗的孤立阿秒脉冲一直是一项挑战。我们满足了这一需求,并报道了一种持续时间为19.2阿秒的孤立阿秒软X射线脉冲。该脉冲进入了水窗范围,且短于原子时间单位(24.2阿秒)。支撑该脉冲的光谱中心位于243 eV,最高延伸至390 eV,且穿过碳K边,同时具备创纪录的光子通量:总光子通量为每秒4.8×10¹⁰个光子,在碳K壳层边(284 eV)处10%带宽内的光子通量为每秒4.1×10⁹个光子。这种极短的软X射线脉冲将极高的时间分辨率与相干的超宽频带软X射线光谱相结合,为研究原子、分子和固体中的电子动力学,厘清关联系统中的多体相互作用,以及追踪分子复合物中的非绝热能量流动开辟了新机遇。我们的研究结果为台式阿秒技术树立了新的基准,并为其在科学技术领域的广泛应用奠定了基础。

英文摘要:

Electronic correlations occur on attosecond timescales, dictating how chemical bonds form, energy flows, and materials respond to light. Capturing such many-body processes requires light pulses of similar duration. The soft X-ray water window is vital because it encompasses the principle absorption edges of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen that underpin chemistry, biology, and materials science. However, generating and characterising isolated attosecond pulses that reach into the soft X-ray water window has remained a challenge. We addressed this need and report an isolated attosecond soft X-ray pulse with a duration of 19.2 attoseconds. This pulse reaches into the water window and is shorter than the atomic unit of time (24.2 as). The pulse is supported by a spectrum centred at 243 eV, extending up to 390 eV, and crossing the carbon K-edge with record photon flux: 4.8x10$^10$ photons per second overall and 4.1x10$^9$ photons per second in a 10% bandwidth at the carbon K-shell edge (284 eV). Such an extremely short soft X-ray pulse combines extreme temporal resolution with a coherent ultrabroadband soft X-ray spectrum, opening new opportunities to study electron dynamics in atoms, molecules, and solids, disentangle many-body interactions in correlated systems, and follow non-adiabatic energy flow in molecular complexes. Our results establish a new benchmark for table-top attosecond technology and lay the foundation for its widespread application in science and technology.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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