The advancement of 6G technology has the potential to revolutionize the transportation sector and significantly improve how we travel. 6G-enabled Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) promise to offer high-speed, low-latency communication and advanced data analytics capabilities, supporting the development of safer, more efficient, and more sustainable transportation solutions. However, various security and privacy challenges were identified in the literature that must be addressed to enable the safe and secure deployment of 6G-ITS and ensure people's trust in using these technologies. This paper reviews the opportunities and challenges of 6G-ITS, particularly focusing on trust, security, and privacy, with special attention to quantum technologies that both enhance security through quantum key distribution and introduce new vulnerabilities. It discusses the potential benefits of 6G technology in the transportation sector, including improved communication, device interoperability support, data analytic capabilities, and increased automation for different components, such as transportation management and communication systems. A taxonomy of different attack models in 6G-ITS is proposed, and a comparison of the security threats in 5G-ITS and 6G-ITS is provided, along with potential mitigating solutions. This research highlights the urgent need for a comprehensive, multi-layered security framework spanning physical infrastructure protection, network protocol security, data management safeguards, application security measures, and trust management systems to effectively mitigate emerging security and privacy risks and ensure the integrity and resilience of future transportation ecosystems.
Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) enable communications between vehicles, road-side infrastructures, and road-users to improve users' safety and to efficiently manage traffic. Most, if not all, of the intelligent vehicles-to-everything (V2X) applications, often rely on continuous collection and sharing of sensitive information such as detailed location information which raises privacy concerns. In this light, a common approach to concealing the long-term identity of C-ITS vehicles is using multiple temporary identifiers, called pseudonyms. However, the legacy pseudonyms ma…
This paper presents a review for the development of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) world wide and the use of Smart Antennas in ITS. This review work also discusses the usual problems in ITS and proposes the solution of such problems using smart antennas.
Recent advancements in the field of smart machine-to-machine (M2M) communications impose the necessity to improve the service delivery by enforcing appropriate security rules. Due to the large number of connected devices, the criticality of the M2M applications, and the network stability weaknesses, we need to consider and analyse the security aspects and establish a flexible policy-aware architecture. This paper explores the relevant architectural challenges in this environment and proposes a Policy-Aware smart M2M Architecture (PAArc) based on ETSI M2M communications functional architecture.…
As the amount of data that needs to be processed in real-time due to recent application developments increase, the need for a new computing paradigm is required. Edge computing resolves this issue by offloading computing resources required by intelligent transportation systems such as the Internet of Vehicles from the cloud closer to the end devices to improve performance however, it is susceptible to security issues that make the transportation systems vulnerable to attackers. In addition to this, there are security issues in transportation technologies that impact the edge computing paradigm…
Major standardization bodies developed and designed systems that should be used in vehicular ad-hoc networks. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in America designed the wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) system. The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) did come up with the "ITS-G5" system. Those Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are the basis for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs). They aim to efficiently communicate and provide benefits to people, ranging from improved safety to convenience. But different design and architectur…
The recent advancement of cloud technology offers unparallel strength to support intelligent computations and advanced services to assist with automated decisions to improve road transportation safety and comfort. Besides, the rise of machine intelligence propels the technological evolution of transportation systems one step further and leads to a new framework known as Cognitive Internet of Vehicles (C-IoV). The redefined cognitive technology in this framework promises significant enhancements and optimized network capacities compared with its predecessor framework, the Internet of Vehicles (…
In this paper, a novel real-time video and data capture of vehicle accident is proposed in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The proposed scheme solves the problem of huge storage needed for recording vehicle accident in the smart vehicle and in the remote ITS server. It works efficiently with small amount of storage size and guarantee saving accident video in secondary storage. It enables user to capture real-time video and data of running vehicle. It enables user to get vehicle accident video and data anytime anywhere. The scheme is implemented using testbed and its performance is eva…
The emerging autonomous vehicles (AVs) will inevitably revolutionize the transportation systems. This is because of a key feature of AVs; instead of being managed by human drivers as the conventional vehicles, AVs are of the complete capability to manage the driving by themselves. As a result, the futuristic intelligent transportation system (FITS) can be a centrally managed and optimized system with the fully coordinated driving of vehicles, which is impossible by the current transportation systems controlled by humans. In this article, we envision the operation of such FITS when AVs, advance…
Towards Edge-Based Data Lake Architecture for Intelligent Transportation System
Federal University of Alagoas（阿拉戈斯联邦大学）；Federal University of Minas Gerais（米纳斯吉拉斯联邦大学）；Univ Lyon, Inria, INSA Lyon, CITI（里昂大学、法国国家信息与自动化研究所、里昂国立应用科学学院、CITI实验室）
PerceptIn（感知创新公司）；South China University of Technology（华南理工大学）；Northwestern University（西北大学）
The infrastructure-vehicle cooperative autonomous driving approach depends on the cooperation between intelligent roads and intelligent vehicles. This approach is not only safer but also more economical compared to the traditional on-vehicle-only autonomous driving approach. In this paper, we introduce our real-world deployment experiences of cooperative autonomous driving, and delve into the details of new challenges and opportunities. Specifically, based on our progress towards commercial deployment, we follow a three-stage development roadmap of the cooperative autonomous driving approach:i…
Currently the area of VANET lacks in having some better designed algorithms to handle dynamic change and frequent disruption due to the high mobility of the vehicles. There are many techniques to disseminate messages across the moving vehicles but they are all highly dependent on some conditions involving flow, density and speed. The two techniques that are commonly used are AODV (Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector) and DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication). This work presents a detailed analysis of AODV. This study is focused on the use of AODV in Intelligent Transportation System. The lim…
In a world where Artificial Intelligence revolutionizes inference, prediction and decision-making tasks, Digital Twins emerge as game-changing tools. A case in point is the development and optimization of Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITSs): a confluence of cyber-physical digital infrastructure and (semi)automated mobility. Herein we introduce Digital Twin for self-dRiving Intelligent VEhicles (DRIVE). The developed framework tackles shortcomings of traditional vehicular and network simulators. It provides a flexible, modular, and scalable implementation to ensure large-sca…
Autonomous vehicles are predicted to dominate the transportation industry in the foreseeable future. Safety is one of the major challenges to the early deployment of self-driving systems. To ensure safety, self-driving vehicles must sense and detect humans, other vehicles, and road infrastructure accurately, robustly, and timely. However, existing sensing techniques used by self-driving vehicles may not be absolutely reliable. In this paper, we design REITS, a system to improve the reliability of RF-based sensing modules for autonomous vehicles. We conduct theoretical analysis on possible fail…
With the incoming introduction of 5G networks and the advancement in technologies, such as Network Function Virtualization and Software Defined Networking, new and emerging networking technologies and use cases are taking shape. One such technology is the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), which describes an interconnected system of vehicles and infrastructure. Coupled with recent developments in artificial intelligence and machine learning, the IoV is transformed into an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). There are, however, several operational considerations that hinder the adoption of ITS sy…
As we move towards autonomous vehicles, a reliable Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication framework becomes of paramount importance. In this paper we present the development and the performance evaluation of a real-world vehicular networking testbed. Our testbed, deployed in the heart of the City of Bristol, UK, is able to exchange sensor data in a V2X manner. We will describe the testbed architecture and its operational modes. Then, we will provide some insight pertaining the firmware operating on the network devices. The system performance has been evaluated under a series of large-scale …
Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is an emerging concept that is believed to help realise the vision of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). IoV has become an important research area of impactful applications in recent years due to the rapid advancements in vehicular technologies, high throughput satellite communication, Internet of Things and cyber-physical systems. IoV enables the integration of smart vehicles with the Internet and system components attributing to their environment such as public infrastructures, sensors, computing nodes, pedestrians and other vehicles. By allowing the develop…
Trustworthy AI-Generative Content for Intelligent Network Service: Robustness, Security, and Fairness
School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院）；College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University（浙江大学计算机科学与技术学院）
With the rising interest of expedient, safe, and high-efficient transportation, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have turned into a critical technology in smart transportation systems. Because of the high mobility of nodes, VANETs are vulnerable to security attacks. In this paper, we propose a novel framework of software-defined VANETs with trust management. Specifically, we separate the forwarding plane in VANETs from the control plane, which is responsible for the control functionality, such as routing protocols and trust management in VANETs. Using the on-demand distance vector routing (T…
Western University（西安大略大学）；ISSAE-Cnam Liban（黎巴嫩国立应用科学学院-法国国立工艺学院）；CNAM Paris（巴黎法国国立工艺学院）
The growing deployment efforts of 5G networks globally has led to the acceleration of the businesses/services' digital transformation. This growth has led to the need for new communication technologies that will promote this transformation. 6G is being proposed as the set of technologies and architectures that will achieve this target. Among the main use cases that have emerged for 5G networks and will continue to play a pivotal role in 6G networks is that of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs). With all the projected benefits of developing and deploying efficient and effective ITSs come…
Scientists and Technologists involved in the development of radar and remote sensing systems all over the world are now trying to involve themselves in saving of manpower in the form of developing a new application of their ideas in Intelligent Transport system(ITS). The world statistics shows that by incorporating such wireless radar system in the car would decrease the world road accident by 8-10% yearly. The wireless technology has to be chosen properly which is capable of tackling the severe interferences present in the open road. A combined digital technology like Spread spectrum along wi…
Waseda University（早稻田大学）；University of Guelph（圭尔夫大学）；Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra（梅斯拉贝拉理工学院）
5G edge computing enabled Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is an efficient technology to provide decentralized medical services while Device-to-device (D2D) communication is a promising paradigm for future 5G networks. To assure secure and reliable communication in 5G edge computing and D2D enabled IoMT systems, this paper presents an intelligent trust cloud management method. Firstly, an active training mechanism is proposed to construct the standard trust clouds. Secondly, individual trust clouds of the IoMT devices can be established through fuzzy trust inferring and recommending. Thirdly,…
Edge intelligence, a new paradigm to accelerate artificial intelligence (AI) applications by leveraging computing resources on the network edge, can be used to improve intelligent transportation systems (ITS). However, due to physical limitations and energy-supply constraints, the computing powers of edge equipment are usually limited. High altitude platform station (HAPS) computing can be considered as a promising extension of edge computing. HAPS is deployed in the stratosphere to provide wide coverage and strong computational capabilities. It is suitable to coordinate terrestrial resources …
Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication and services have been garnering significant interest from different stakeholders as part of future intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). This is due to the many benefits they offer. However, many of these services have stringent performance requirements, particularly in terms of the delay/latency. Multi-access/mobile edge computing (MEC) has been proposed as a potential solution for such services by bringing them closer to vehicles. Yet, this introduces a new set of challenges such as where to place these V2X services, especially given the limit …
Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications（重庆邮电大学）；University of Guelph（圭尔夫大学）；Hosei University（法政大学）
Emerging six generation (6G) is the integration of heterogeneous wireless networks, which can seamlessly support anywhere and anytime networking. But high Quality-of-Trust should be offered by 6G to meet mobile user expectations. Artificial intelligence (AI) is considered as one of the most important components in 6G. Then AI-based trust management is a promising paradigm to provide trusted and reliable services. In this article, a generative adversarial learning-enabled trust management method is presented for 6G wireless networks. Some typical AI-based trust management schemes are first revi…
Fog computing has been advocated as an enabling technology for computationally intensive services in smart connected vehicles. Most existing works focus on analyzing the queueing and workload processing latencies associated with fog computing, ignoring the fact that wireless access latency can sometimes dominate the overall latency. This motivates the work in this paper, where we report on a five-month measurement study of the wireless access latency between connected vehicles and a fog/cloud computing system supported by commercially available LTE networks. We propose AdaptiveFog, a novel fra…
As 5G communication technology develops, vehicular communications that require high reliability, low latency, and massive connectivity are drawing increasing interest from those in academia and industry. Due to these developing technologies, vehicular communication is not limited to vehicle components in the forms of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) or Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) networks, but has also been extended to connect with others, such as pedestrians and cellular users. Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) is the conventional vehicular communication standard for Intelligent Transpo…
With onboard operating systems becoming increasingly common in vehicles, the real-time broadband infotainment and Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) service applications in fast-motion vehicles become ever demanding, which are highly expected to significantly improve the efficiency and safety of our daily on-road lives. The emerging ITS and vehicular applications, e.g., trip planning, however, require substantial efforts on the real-time pervasive information collection and big data processing so as to provide quick decision making and feedbacks to the fast moving vehicles, which thus imp…
In this position paper, we discuss the critical need for integrating zero trust (ZT) principles into next-generation communication networks (5G/6G). We highlight the challenges and introduce the concept of an intelligent zero trust architecture (i-ZTA) as a security framework in 5G/6G networks with untrusted components. While network virtualization, software-defined networking (SDN), and service-based architectures (SBA) are key enablers of 5G networks, operating in an untrusted environment has also become a key feature of the networks. Further, seamless connectivity to a high volume of device…
