由2.5D FRADO揭示的类星体主序（Eddington比、黑洞质量和倾角的自然表达）
Quasar Main Sequence unfolded by 2.5D FRADO (Natural expression of Eddington ratio, black hole mass, and inclination)
AI总结：
该研究利用2.5D FRADO模拟宽线区，证明Eddington比是驱动类星体主序及Fe II强度的核心物理量，黑洞质量和倾角分别解释FWHM弥散并产生次要调制。
摘要：
以Eigenvector 1（EV1）为特征的类星体主序（QMS）是一个统一框架，用于根据1型活动星系核（AGN）多样的光谱性质对其进行分类。尽管长期以来一直缺乏完全自洽的物理解释，但我们基于物理动机的2.5D FRADO（失败的辐射加速尘埃外流）模型自然预测，Eddington比（$\dot{m}$）是QMS的主要物理驱动因素，而黑洞质量（$M_{\rm BH}$）和倾角（$i$）则作为次要因素。我们采用了一个密集的FRADO模拟网格，研究宽线区（BLR）的几何结构和动力学，覆盖了具有代表性的$M_{\rm BH}$和$\dot{m}$范围。对于每次模拟，我们计算了不同$i$下H$\beta$线的半高全宽（FWHM）。所得FWHM–$\dot{m}$图与在EV1参数空间中观测到的特征趋势非常相似。这确立了$\dot{m}$作为Fe II强度参数（$R_{\rm Fe}$）真正代理量的作用，反之亦然。我们的结果表明，$\dot{m}$可被视为$R_{\rm Fe}$唯一的潜在物理示踪物，因此应与其直接成比例。$M_{\rm BH}$解释了FWHM中与维里质量相关的弥散，而$i$则作为次要驱动因素，在给定$\dot{m}$和$M_{\rm BH}$时调节$R_{\rm Fe}$和FWHM。
英文摘要：
The quasar main sequence (QMS), characterized by the Eigenvector 1 (EV1), serves as a unifying framework for classifying type-1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) based on their diverse spectral properties. Although a fully self-consistent physical interpretation has long been lacking, our physically motivated 2.5D FRADO (Failed Radiatively Accelerated Dusty Outflow) model naturally predicts that the Eddington ratio ($\dot{m}$) is the primary physical driver of the QMS, with black hole mass ($M_{\rm BH}$) and inclination ($i$) acting as secondary contributors. We employed a dense grid of FRADO simulations of the geometry and dynamics of the broad-line region (BLR), covering a representative range of $M_{\rm BH}$ and $\dot{m}$. For each simulation, we computed the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the H$β$ line under different $i$. The resulting FWHM--$\dot{m}$ diagram closely resembles the characteristic trend observed in the EV1 parameter space. This establishes the role of $\dot{m}$ as the true proxy for the Fe II strength parameter ($R_{\rm Fe}$), and vice versa. Our results suggest that $\dot{m}$ can be regarded as the sole underlying physical tracer of $R_{\rm Fe}$ and should therefore scale directly with it. The $M_{\rm BH}$ accounts for the virial mass-related scatter in FWHM, while $i$ acts as a secondary driver modulating $R_{\rm Fe}$ and FWHM for a given $\dot{m}$ and $M_{\rm BH}$.
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