Lense-Thirring 进动磁星引擎驱动超亮超新星
Lense-Thirring precessing magnetar engine drives a superluminous supernova
AI总结：
通过观测具有啁啾光变曲线隆起的超亮超新星，提出倾斜吸积盘绕磁星进行 Lense-Thirring 进动的模型，首次提供该效应观测证据，并确认磁星自转减慢解释极端光度。
摘要：
I 型超亮超新星（SLSNe-I）的亮度至少比标准超新星高一个数量级，其光度内部能源仍属未知。SLSNe-I 的中心引擎被假设为磁星，但大多数 SLSNe-I 的光变曲线具有多个无法用标准磁星模型解释的隆起或峰值。现有的隆起解释要么调制中心引擎光度，要么归因于与星周环境物质的相互作用。对有限 SLSNe-I 样本光变曲线的系统性巡天未发现支持任一情景的有力证据，使得光变曲线波动的本质以及磁星模型的适用性均悬而未决。在此，我们报告了对一个 SLSN-I 的高频多波段观测，其具有清晰的“啁啾”（即周期递减）光变曲线隆起，可直接关联到磁星中心引擎的性质。我们的观测与一个倾斜、内落的吸积盘围绕位于膨胀超新星抛射物中心的磁星进行 Lense-Thirring 进动的图像一致。我们的模型表明，整体光变曲线和隆起频率独立且自洽地约束了磁星的自转周期和磁场强度。假设标准吸积盘参数，我们约束了磁星的吸积率。我们的结果首次提供了磁星环境中 Lense-Thirring 效应的观测证据，并确认磁星自转减慢模型可解释 SLSNe-I 中观测到的极端光度。我们预期这一发现将为在全新领域——年轻超新星剧烈中心——检验广义相对论开辟途径。
英文摘要：
Type I superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) are at least an order of magnitude brighter than standard supernovae, with the internal power source for their luminosity still unknown. The central engines of SLSNe-I are hypothesized to be magnetars, but the majority of SLSNe-I light curves have multiple bumps or peaks that are unexplained by the standard magnetar model. Existing explanations for the bumps either modulate the central engine luminosity or invoke interactions with material in the circumstellar environment. Systematic surveys of the limited sample of SLSNe-I light curves find no compelling evidence favoring either scenario, leaving both the nature of the light-curve fluctuations and the applicability of the magnetar model unresolved. Here, we report high-cadence multiband observations of an SLSN-I with clear "chirped" (i.e., decreasing period) light-curve bumps that can be directly linked to the properties of the magnetar central engine. Our observations are consistent with a tilted, infalling accretion disk undergoing Lense-Thirring precession around a magnetar centrally located within the expanding supernova ejecta. Our model demonstrates that the overall light curve and bump frequency independently and self-consistently constrain the spin period and the magnetic field strength of the magnetar. Assuming standard accretion disk parameters, we constrain the accretion rate onto the magnetar. Our results provide the first observational evidence of the Lense-Thirring effect in the environment of a magnetar, and confirm the magnetar spin-down model as an explanation for the extreme luminosity observed in SLSNe-I. We anticipate this discovery will create avenues for testing general relativity in a new regime -- the violent centers of young supernovae.
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