With the raid evolution of large language models and multimodal models, the mobile-agent landscape has proliferated without converging on the fundamental challenges. This paper identifies four core problems that should be solved for mobile agents to deliver practical, scalable impact: (1) generalization across tasks, APPs, and devices; (2) accuracy, specifically precise on-screen interaction and click targeting; (3) long-horizon capability for sustained, multi-step goals; and (4) efficiency, specifically high-performance runtime on resource-constrained devices. We present AppCopilot, a multimodal, multi-agent, general-purpose mobile agent that operates across applications. AppCopilot operationalizes this position through an end-to-end pipeline spanning data collection, training, finetuning, efficient inference, and PC/mobile application. At the model layer, it integrates multimodal foundation models with robust Chinese-English support. At the reasoning and control layer, it combines chain-of-thought reasoning, hierarchical task planning and decomposition, and multi-agent collaboration. At the execution layer, it enables experiential adaptation, voice interaction, function calling, cross-APP and cross-device orchestration, and comprehensive mobile APP support. The system design incorporates profiling-driven optimization for latency and memory across heterogeneous hardware. Empirically, AppCopilot achieves significant improvements on four dimensions: stronger generalization, higher precision of on screen actions, more reliable long horizon task completion, and faster, more resource efficient runtime. By articulating a cohesive position and a reference architecture that closes the loop from data collection, training to finetuning and efficient inference, this paper offers a concrete roadmap for general purpose mobile agent and provides actionable guidance.
MobileEgo Anywhere: Open Infrastructure for long horizon egocentric data on commodity hardware
University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）；University of California, Santa Barbara（加州大学圣巴巴拉分校）
Instruction-Augmented Long-Horizon Planning: Embedding Grounding Mechanisms in Embodied Mobile Manipulation
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University（香港理工大学）；Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin, Eastern Institute of Technology（东方理工大学宁波数字孪生研究院）；Great Bay University（大湾区大学）；Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence（穆罕默德·本·扎耶德人工智能大学）
Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；MiLM Plus, Xiaomi Inc.（小米公司）；Independent Researchers（独立研究人员）；Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China（中国人民大学人工智能学院）；Wuhan University（武汉大学）；Xiamen University（厦门大学）
Hi-Agent: Hierarchical Vision-Language Agents for Mobile Device Control
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab（华为诺亚实验室）；Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）
A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Architectures for Multi-Horizon Behavioural Forecasting for Mobile Health
KIOS Research and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Cyprus（塞浦路斯大学KIOS研究与创新卓越中心）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus（塞浦路斯大学电气与计算机工程系）
MobileDreamer: Generative Sketch World Model for GUI Agent
State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（多模态人工智能系统国家重点实验室，自动化研究所，中国科学院）；School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学人工智能学院）；Meituan（美团）
